OWA
AT THE
World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial
AND THE
NORTH, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN
RXPOBITIONS
NEW ORLEANS, 1884-G.
REPORTS OF HERBERT S. FAIRALL,
COMMISSIONER,
TO THE GOVERNOR OF IOWA.
DES MOINES:
OEO. E. ROBERTS, STATE PRINTER. 1885.
EXCHANGE
IOWA
AT THE
World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial
AND THE
NORTH, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN
EXPOSITIONS
NEW ORLEANS, 1884-6.
REPORTS OF HERBERT S. FAIRALL,
COMMISSIONER,
TO THE GOVERNOR OF IOWA.
DES MOINES:
GEO. E. ROBERTS, STATE PRINTER, 1885.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
To his Excellency, BURBN R. SHERMAN, Governor of Iowa:
SIB — I herewith submit my reports as Commissioner for Iowa at the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, and at the North, Central and South American Exposition^the former held at New Orleans, Louisiana, from December 16, 1884. to June 1, 1885, and the latter now in progress in the same city, having opened No- vember 10, 1885, to continue not later than March 31, 1886. The benefits derived by the State of Iowa from its participation in the first international exposition in the United States, at Philadelphia, in 1876, had been so marked by increase in its population, by investment within its borders of capital and attraction of immigration, and especially by the advance outside of the State both in the demand and value of its products, that all thoughtful, enterprising citizens urged that the material prosperity of Iowa would be further en- hanced by its taking part in the second World's Exposition in this country, and in its successor, the American Exposition.
The opinion also prevailed that aside from the commercial phase of the subject the State of Iowa could not afford to be the only com- monwealth in the Union to withhold its presence and support from, and enjoy the influences of, a great world's fair. Of the peculiar circumstances preventing State aid for the exhibits from Iowa, the discouragements that beset the work of making the State display, the organization of the Iowa Commission, the promptness of leading cit- izens to loan their credit to the State, the character of the exhibits from Iowa, and the honors conferred upon the State for the excellence of its exhibits, I have the honor of speaking hereinafter. That these expositions at New Orleans have already opened new markets for the products of Iowa, and advanced the State still further in the front rank of States, short as has been the time since their organization, is
4 WOBLDTS EXPOSITION.
a fact briefly alluded to. It is also a source of gratification to pre- sent in these pages descriptive lists of the articles forming the Iowa displays, together witn the names of the large number of citizen* who contributed to them.
In conclusion, I desire to return thanks to the men and women directly associated with me in the work, and to join with them in acknowledging our obligations to the many citizens of the State who so promptly and generously aided us, and without whose support tJiere could ha V3 been no exhibit from Iowa at either of these import- ant expositions.
Yours respectfully,
HERBEBT S. FAIRALL,
Commissioner. IOWA CITY, IOWA, December 31, 1885.
THE IOWA COMMISSION.
President— HON. BUBEN R. SHERMAN, Governor of Iowa. Secretary— HERBERT S. FAIRALL, U.S. Commissioner, Iowa City. j?reo*wrer— JOHN S. ELY, Alternate U. S. Commissioner, Cedar Rapids.
SUPERINTENDENTS OF DEPARTMENTS.
Agriculture— Hon. F. N. Chase, Cedar Falls. Horticulture— Col. G. B. Brackett, Denmark. Education — Hon. J. W. Akers, Des Moines. Dairy— C. A. Huston, Esq., Cedar Rapids.
Mechanics and Manufactures— W . C. Huntington, Esq., Des Moines. Live Stock— Col. John Scott, Nevada. Flour and Grain— Hon. J. J. Snouffer, Cedar Rapids. Geology— Prof. Samuel Calvin, Iowa City. Woman's Work— Mrs. Mary S. Scoit, Nevada.
Fish and Fisheries— Hon. A. W. Aldrich, Anamosa ; Hon. A. A. Mosher, Spirit Lake.
Sanitary— it. F. Andrews, Esq., Des Moines. Mineral Exhibit— Capt. Albert Head, Jefferson. Bailroad Systems— Hon. E. G. Morgan, Des Moines. Colored— Alex. Clark, Muscatine.
HONORARY COMMISSIONERS.
First District— Col. G. B. Brackett, Denmark. Second District— Hon. N. A. Merrell, Clinton. Ihird District— Hon. J. K. Graves, Dubuque. Fourth District— Ron. S. A. Converse, Cresco. Fifth District— Ron. R. W. Lathrop, Iowa City: Sixth District— Ron. W. T. Smith, Oskaloosa. Seventh District—Ron. C. L. Watrous, Des Moines. Eighth District— Col. H. H. Wright, Centerville. Ninth District— Ron. B. P. Clayton, Macedonia. lenth District— Ron. D. D. Chase, Webster City. Ekventh District— Ron. R. C. Wheeler, Odebolt.
(J WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
ASSISTANT COMMISSIONERS.
J. M. Gow, Greenfield, Adair county.
A. B. Shaw, Corning, Appanoose county.
A. M. May, Waukon, Allamakee county.
James C. Barrows, Centerville, Appanoose county.
J. A. Overholtzer, Viola Center, Audubon county.
J. W. Keith, Vinton, Benton county.
J. W. Richards, Waterloo, Black Hawk county.
J. R. Whitaker, Boone, Boone county.
E. C. Bennett, Waverly, Bremer county.
Wm. A. Jones, Independence, Buchanan county.
F. J. Stockwell, Alta, Buena Vista county. F. O. Newcomb, Shell Rock, Butler county. Frank S. Rice, Rockwell City, Calhoun county. M. Miller, Carroll, Carroll county.
J. B. Erion, Lewis, Cass county.
Herbert Hammond, Tipton, Cedar county.
Henry Martin, Mason City, Cerro Gordo county.
Charles Finkbine, Aurelia, Cherokee county.
John M. Gilliland, New Hampton, Chickasaw county.
A. S. Johnson, Osceola, Clarke county.
A. C. Parker, Spencer Clay county.
A. F. Hofer, McGregor, Clayton county.
Frank Mahin, Clinton, Clinton county.
E. C. Hay wood, West Side, Crawford county.
C. H. Lyon, Dexter, Dallas county.
J. A. Wright, Bloomfield, Davis county.
C. M. Murray, Leon, Decatur county.
J. D Kennedy, Manchester, Delaware county,
J. W. Burdette, Burlington, Des Moines county.
Ira S. Foster, Milford, Dickinson county.
E. H. Smith, Dubuque, Dubuque county. M. Richmond, Armstrong, Emmet county. S. B. Zeigler, West Union, Fayette county. O. H. Lyon, Rockford, Floyd county.
F. M. Hemingway, Hampton, Franklin county. W. L. Aten, Hamburg, Fremont county.
C. B. Park, Grand Junction, Greene county. *C. W. Gibson, Grundy Center, Grundy county.
E. W. Weeks, Guthrie Center, Guthrie county.
G. F. Richardson, Webster City, Hamilton county. J. A. Treganye, Britt, Hancock county.
J. T. Buttolph, Iowa Falls, Hardin county.
F. W. Hart, Logan, Harrison county. R. B. Lindley, Winfield, Henry county. C. F. Webster, Cresco, Howard county.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER.
C. H. Bissell, Humboldt, Humboldt county.
J. A. Prink, Ida Grove, Ida county,
W. P. Ketcham, Marengo, Iowa county.
James Dunne, Otter Creek, Jackson county.
H. K. Stahl, Newton, Jasper county.
*I. W. Pancoast, Libertyville, Jefferson county.
*H. W. Fyffe, Iowa City, Johnson county.
J. 8. Stacy, Anamosa, Jones county.
John Morrison, Sigourney, Keokuk county.
John Wallace, Algona, Kossuth county.
J. H. Hardin, Ft. Madison, Lee county.
C. G. Greene, Cedar Rapids, Linn county.
Arthur Springer, Columbus Junction, Louisa county.
8. H. Mallory, Chariton, Lucas county.
J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids, Lyon county.
F. M. Cassidy, Wmterset, Madison county.
O. C. G. Phillips, Oskaloosa, Mahaska county.
C. H. Durham, Durham, Marion eounty.
J. G. Brown, Marshalltown, Marshall county.
P. P. Kelley, Glenwood, Mills county.
F. A. Vanderpool, West Mitchell, Mitchell county.
J. D. Ainsworth, Onawa, Monona county.
E. C. Hurlbut, Albia, Monroe county.
C. W. Snyder, Red Oak, Montgomery county.
A. W. Lee, Muscatine, Muscatine county.
T. B. Stringfield, Sheldon, O'Brien county.
W. J. Miller, Sibley, Osceola county.
S. E. Wilson, Clarinda, Page county.
E. S. Ormsby, Emmettsburg, Palo Alto county,
H. C. Curtis, LeMars, Plymouth county.
James Mercer, Fonda, Pocahontas county.
P. V. Carey, Des Moines, Polk county.
George F. Wright, Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie county,
J. Jarnagin, Montezuma, Poweshiek county.
Henry Todd, Mt. Ayr, Ringgold county.
W. W. Field, Odebolt, Sac county.
A. J. Hirschl, Davenport, scott county.
C. C. Redfield, Harlan, Shelby county.
H. S, Iselin, Orange City, Sioux county.
C. G. McCarthy, Nevada, Story county.
George W. Sweatt, Toledo, Tama county.
R. G. Moon, Bedford, Taylor county.
J. F. Bishop, Alton, Union county.
Robert Topping, Keosauqua, Van Buren county.
P. G. Ballingall, Ottumwa, Wapello county.
•Deceased.
I WORLD'S* EXPOSITION.
J. L. Eno, Indianola, Warren county.
H. A. Burrell, Washington, Washington county.
Samuel Wright, Clio, Wayne county.
Frank Farrell, Ft. Dodge, Webster county.
J. F. Thompson, Forest City, Winnebago county.
A. W. Brownell, Ft. Atkinson, Winneshiek county
George H. Wright, Sioux City, Woodbury county.
Geo. F. Wattson, Northwood, Worth county.
fi. A. Howland, Eagle Grove, Wright county.
REPORTS
OF THE
COMMISSIONER
THE WORLD'S EXPOSITION. 1884-5.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
On the first day of January, 1884, the people of Iowa, through Hon. Buren R. Sherman, Governor of the State, were invited by the Board of Management of the World's Industrial and Cotton Centen- nial Exposition, at New Orleans, to participate in said exposition, both by contributing to it and by visiting it. In order to insure the presentation of an exhibit from Iowa, the Governor was requested to recommend to the President of the United States for appointment a Commissioner and an Alternate Commissioner for the Exposition^ in conformity with an act of Congress providing for such appoint- ment. Accordingly an invitation was extended by the Governor, on the 10th day of January, 1884, to Herbert S. Fairall, of Iowa City, and John S. Ely, of Cedar Rapids, to accept the respective positions named above, and these gentlemen accepting, they were on Febru- ary 10, 1884, duly commissioned by the President of the United States and accredited by the Governor of Iowa to the authorities of the Exposition.
While the preliminary circulars and general plan of the Exposition were of the most comprehensive character, and the general govern- ment had officially recognized the project, by inviting foreign nations to participate therein, the care manifested by Congress not to have the government become in any manner financially responsible for the Exposition, and to appropriate no money for its preparation or main- tenance, gave rise to the belief that the enterprise would be only local in character, somewhat on the scale of the Atlanta, Cincinnati, Louis- ville and other similar expositions.
At a conference of the Commissioner and Alternate Commissioner
12 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
with the Governor, the matter of Iowa's representation in the project was discussed and decided favorably upon. It was agreed that even if the Exposition should not prove to be an international affair, it would be an excellent opportunity to advertise the resources and in- terests of Iowa, and to hasten the era of good feeling between the two great sections of the country. As neither Congress nor the Ex- position provided means whereby an exhibit could be made, the Com- missioners and the Governor presented the subject to the General Assembly, then in session, but the impression prevailed to such an extent that the Exposition could be none other than a New Orleans or local enterprise, 'that the bill asking for ten thousand dollars never reached a vote. The same indifference was displayed in the legisla tures of the various States that were in session at the same time, only Kansas and Nebraska making appropriations. A few weeks after the General Assembly had adjourned, upon the presentation of the case by the Commissioners of the several States and Territories, Con- gress voted a loan of a million dollars to the Exposition and a third of a million dollars to defray the expenses of making a display at New Orleans of the government exhibit that had attracted so much attention at the Centennial Exposition, in 1876. This vast outlay of money by the government at once advanced the Exposition to the rank of a great world's fair, and its preparation went forward with remarkable rapidity. To each State and Territorial Commissioner there was set apart by the Board of Management the sum of five thousand dollars as a fund to be used in exciting an interest and pre- paring the way for an exhibit from his State or Territory. This much needed aid proved of great benefit in urging the work forward throughout the entire Union; but, while the appropriation was made by Congress early in June, the failure of the Board of Management to comply with certain requirements of the statute as to paying in the subscriptions of stock for the Exposition corporation, delayed the availability of the money for the Commissioners until the middle of August. Meantime, in Iowa, as in other States, the money for the expenses of the preliminary work was advanced by the Commissioner. The several States marked their approval of the project by raising funds to supplement this appropriation of $5,000, and by preparing exhibits. It was evident that Iowa could not afford to be absent from an affair which was endorsed by her sister Commonwealths. Besides, the beneficent effects of her participation in the Philadelphia Exposition of 1876 were yet being enjoyed by her producers and man-
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. Ifr
ufacturers. The just recognition of her supremacy in the products of the dairy and the orchard, by the Centennial Exhibition, gave a stimulus to her horticultural and creamery interests, resulting in in- creased trade, with corresponding increase of wealth. It was, there- fore, but the simple exercise of business sagacity that the State should be represented at New Orleans.
THE IOWA COMMISSION.
During the spring and summer, after my appointment, I visited many parts of the State and found but one sentiment prevailing, and that was that Iowa should be represented at the forthcoming World's Exposition. In a large number of counties the people set to work to preserve the choicest of their products for a State exhibit. The ne- cessity of a suitable fund for the work, however, became so impera- tive that a meeting to devise ways and means was held at Cedar Rap- ids, on August 27, 1884, with a large number of the most prominent citizens in attendance. The high standing of the personel of this meeting, embracing the best men of the State, without regard to po- litical distinctions, gave to its deliberation a weight not to be disre- garded. It was agreed that a suitable display of the State's resources and abilities should be made. Unfortunately, as has been stated, the legislature had adjourned without providing means for such exhibit, and a plan was perfected to accomplish the desired end. This was to secure from the citizens of the State a sum sufficient to pay the expense of the State exhibit. The money so obtained was to be raised in the shape of a quasi loan, based upon the expected credit of the State, and with the understanding that the amounts advanced by in- dividuals would not be finally their loss, unless the State should, by the action of its representatives, refuse to recognize the value of it& presence at the New Orleans Exposition, as applied to it as a State. This plan was not only heartily endorsed by the press of Iowa, and its consummation aided by them, but also the people generally, and especially by a large number of members of the last legislature, who expressed their regrets at the failure of that body to make, in ad- vance, the necessary appropriation. It was further commended by the several officers of the State government, as being a desirable so- lution of a difficulty imperilling the pride of a State which enjoyed a most enviable reputation for the part heretofore borne by it in
14 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
every enterprise looking to the proper presentation and enhancement of its interests and standing.
The opportunity, it was on all sides conceded, was presented whereby Iowa might aid in promoting patriotism and amity between the two sections of the country, and at the same time augment gen- eral and popular knowledge. By participation in the World's Indus- trial and Cotton Centennial Exposition she could also be in a posi- tion to aid in developing desirable commercial relations with the countries immediately at our door to the south, and to which the produce of her fertile acres should naturally gravitate over the great water highways to the Gulf. The creation of a market means in- creased wealth for the producer, and now that the opportunity was afforded, her neglect to avail herself would not only have been a re- proach upon her judgment, but would have resulted in her being a compulsory witness to the increased trade of other States, to the detriment of her own.
In accordance with the plan agreed upon, an organization was com- pleted to carry the same into effect. This organization was known as the Iowa Commission, and was composed as follows: President, Hon. B. R. Sherman, Governor of Iowa; Secretary, Herbert S. Fairall, U. S. Commissioner, and John S. Ely, Alternate Commissioner as Treas- urer. Mr. Ely executed to the Executive Council of State a bond in the sum of fifty thousand dollars for the faithful performance of his duties. There were also added to the Commission the persons to whom had been confided as Superintendents, the several departments of the State display. There was also appointed an honorary commis- sioner for each Congressional District, and in each county an assist- ant commissioner, whose duties consisted- in aiding the collection of exhibits, and the general enhancement of the affair. A full list of the Oommission is given herewith.
PREPARING THE EXHIBIT.
The Commission was organized in the latter part of August, 1884, leaving a period of but little more than three months in which to select, assemble and install the contemplated display. The har- vests had moreover been mostly garnered. Notwithstanding this latter fact, and the shortness of the available time for preparation, a most magnificent exhibit was gathered together, representing in at- tractive manner, the wonderful agricultural and other resources of
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 1$
the State. It was the intent of the Commission to have every county appropriately represented, and to this end the several connty com- missioners were supplied with material, such as bags, glassware, etc., in which to place and transport their collections. The various divisions of the display, embracing agriculture, horticulture, dairy products, mechanics and manufacturers, live stock, flour and grain, fish and fisheries, mineralogy and geology, railroad systems, sanitary appli- ances, woman's work, and last but not least, education, were each and all represented by displays which conferred distinguished honors upon the State, and were recognized superior in character, alike by the juries of awards and the general visitor. No higher honor was nor could be conferred upon any participant in the grand exhibition at New Orleans, than was bestowed upon the display made by the State of Iowa.
THE EXHIBIT PARTIALLY DESTROYED.
The plans of the Commission received a severe shock on December 1, 1884, by a railroad wreck occuring to the display then en route upon the B., C. R. & N. R'y. By this unfortunate accident "a large portion of the exhibit was totally destroyed, and much damaged be- yond use — grains, seeds, vegetables, and nearly every fragile article were ruined. The lateness in the season utterly precluded their re- production. They had been collected with especial reference to this display, and were, in fact, the "cream of the harvest." But two short weeks intervened before the opening day. Yet, notwithstanding these great difficulties, the Commission again went to work in the State, gathered the best products available, proceeded with their instal- lation and exhibited upon the opening day a display that was second to none.
At the time of shipment of the exhibits, the Commission had agreed upon a plan of installation. The railroad accident not only frustrated this plan, but al*so entailed unforseen expense upon the Commission. As soon as the extent of the injury to the display be- came known throughout the State, large numbers of well-intending citizens sent to New Orleans various contributions of agricultural products, etc. Such evidences of friendly interest was very encour- aging to the Commission; but unfortunately, the major portion of the contributions were sent by express " C. O. D.," necessitating a considerable outlay of the available funds of the Commission, and
IQ WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
the same time but very few of such contributions were fitted for dis- play as specimen exhibits. These contributions could not be declined without offense, and it was deemed best to receive them, as far as possible, and thus retain the good feeling and friendly interest in the exhibit manifested by the people at home.
INSTALLING THE DISPLAY.
In the allotment of space to the several States for exhibition pur- poses in the government and state building, the State of Iowa was awarded 10,1*75 square feet. Under the regulations governing the Exposition, no exhibit was allowed to be made in this building for any purpose beyond that of simple display. Articles exposed for competition were therefore compelled to exhibit elsewhere, and in consequence, a very large portion of Iowa's exhibit found its way to the Main Building, the Machinery and Carriage Annexes, and the Horticultural Hall.
It was the purpose of the Commission to secure to each and every exhibit that prominence warranted by their merit, and at the same time retain their relationship to the State. To this end the exhibits of working machinery in the Machinery Annex, those of wagons and other vehicles in the Carriage Annex, and of agricultural implements, farm appliances, dairy products and appurtenances in the Main Build- ing were, so far as practicable, grouped together as Iowa matters. A large amount of similar exhibits, not entered for competition, were displayed in the Government and State building. The plan of thus securing an intelligent distinction, as between different classes of ex- hibits was also carried out in the general display made upon the State space. The several departments of agriculture, flour and grain, fish and fisheries, mineralogy and geology, railroad systems, domestic manufactures, sanitary appliances, education and womens' work, while assembled as a whole, were each systematically arranged under the immediate supervision of their respective superintendents. The ed- ucational exhibit was made in the gallery space 40 by 42 feet, imme- diately overlooking the State exhibit on the main floor. In the gal- lery, at the opposite side of the building, and fronting the state ex- hibit, was displayed the department of woman's work. These two departments, while occupying distinctive spaces, appropriately iden- tified by means of large signs as Iowa exhibits, were each made to- form a part of a group of similar displays made by the several states
REPORT OP COMMISSIONER. jf
and territories. Each group being termed by the general manage- ment, respectively the "Department of Education," and "Depart- ment of Womans* Work." These general departments were each presided over by an officer designated by the Exposition Manage- ment.
It was the earnest desire of the Commission to accord to Iowa ex- hibitors such position upon the allotted space, as would enable each to make the best possible showing. Especially so in manufactures. The high position accorded the State by the tenth census, among manufacturing States, that of second west of the Mississippi river, was not forgotten in the installation of that department. This was fortunately aided by the original selection of the State space which proved to be one of the most eligible in the building.
In the display of the State exhibit, the space upon the floor was divided as follows: Departments of agriculture, manufacturing, grains and milling products; geology and mineralogy, and miscel- laneous. Dairy products and appliances were well exhibited in the appropriate department located in the main building. The horticul- tural display was made in the horticultural hall, a magnificent struc- ture of iron and glass, especially constructed for this exhibit. The location of the exhibits of education and woman's work have been heretofore alluded to.
In common with every State and territory, that portion of the space beneath the gallery was tastefully but economically fitted up aa State Headquarters, comprising two general reception rooms and the private office of the Commissioner. Papers of all the prominent newspapers of the State were on file in the large reception room. The headquarters were plainly but neatly furnished, and were at all times attended by the Commissioner or his representative, and a genuine Iowa welcome was extended to every visitor. Here visitors found a comfortable resting place where the surroundings conferred a satisfactory feeling of State pride,
The Commissioner's private office was elegantly decorated, the paper being donated to the display through Mr. R. H. Allin, of Iowa City by Robert Hobbs & Co., the well known wall paper manufac- turers, of Brooklyn, New York, to whose representative, Mr. Wm. B. Burgess, the Commission desires to extend their appreciative thanks. A very convenient acquisition to the headquarter outfit was a postal cabinet, the invention of Mr. L. C. Gray, of Fort Dodge. The large amount of mail matter received at the headquarters for Iowa visitors.,
18 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
was placed in this cabinet, which afforded a most convenient and simple method of arrangement, attracting many commendations, from its numerous patrons
VISITORS FBOM IOWA.
A register, arranged to show the name, occupation, home residence, and New Orleans address of visitors, was placed in a convenient po- sition. It was continually consulted as the means of ascertaining the whereabouts of mutual friends, and proved a most valuable ad- junct. An examination of its pages show that over fifteen thousand persons visited the Iowa Exhibit.
From reports made by the various United States Commissioners to the Board of Management it appears, that next to Louisiana, the number of visitors, in proportion to population was greatest from the Hawk-eye State.
JBEPOBT OF COMMISSIONER. 19
THE IOWA EXHIBIT,
AGRICULTURAL SECTION.
Upon the request of the Commission made to the State Agricul- tural Society to select a suitable person to arrange and preside over this department of the display, that body designated Hon. Frank N. Chase, of Cedar Falls, to whom was confided this important trust. Mr. Chase, from his long experience at the head of a similar depart- ment of the State Fair Association, was especially suited for the place.
Owing to the destruction of a large percentage of exhibits by the railway accident before referred to, it was impossible to make a com- plete catalogue of agricultural exhibits provided for display. The following list is as full as can be made under the circumstances:
20
WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
CORN.
KIND.
FROM WHOM.
"P ride of Iowa"; yellow, shelled. "Pride of Iowa"; yellow, in ear. . "Johnson White"; white, in ear. . "Johnson White"; white, shelled.
Sweet
Leming
; yellow
Early Dent; yellow
Leming; yellow, shelled
Leming; yellow, ears
Vermillya; yellow, ears
Vermillya; yellow, shelled
; yellow
Gold Drop; yellow
Dent; y ellow
"Hundred Days"; yellow
; yellow
; yellow
; yellow, shelled
Yankee. Yankee
; yellow
; yellow
; yellow
; yellow
; yellow
Dent; yellow, three varieties —
Duttons; yellow
Pennsylvania Mammoth; yellow
Pride of the North; yellow
Dent; yellow
Narragansett; yellow
Monmouth; white
Evergreen; white
Belgian; speckled
Bloody Butcher
Dent; white, three varieties
King Philip; white
Lyon County Prolific; white —
Common; white
Early; white
Red and Yellow on Stalks
Common; white
Square; white
Johnson, shelled and ear; white ,
Mammoth; white
Early; white
Early; white
Early; white
Common; red
Rice Prolific, 2 varieties; red . . .
Hundred Day; red
Common; red
Mixed, eleven varieties
. S. Johnson, usceola. A. S. Johnson, Osceola. A. S. Johnson, Osceola. A. S. Johnson, Osceola. Matt Stokes, Clark. Chas. Johnson, Perry. Jas. Echels, Buckingham. W. G. Malm, Columbia. W. G. Malin, Columbia. W G. Malin, Columbia. K,. Petheridge, Tama. R. Petheridge, Tama. Dood & Meleck, Spring Creek.
\. H. Hollan. Tama. Wm. Hart sock, Tama. E. S. Carpenter, Tama. W. R. Sherly, Hamburg.
I. Wright, Hamburg.
1. S. Parkhurst, Hamburg. N. Malvin, Belmont. J. Peck, Belmont.
W. T. Butts, Belmont.
P. B. Kauffman, Belmont. S. Adams, Belmont. A. Elder, Belmont. A. B. Haviland, Eagle Grove. J. K. P Thomspon, Hock Rapids,
f. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
C. A. Sterling, Washington county .
0. A. Sterling, Washington county. . A. Sterling, Washington county .
u. A. Sterling, Washington county.
3. A. Sterling, Washington county .
C. A. Sterling, Washington county.
C. A. Sterling, Washington county
J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
Wm. R. Sherley, Hamburg.
Wm. R. Sherley, Hamburg.
Wm. R. Sherley, Hamburg.
H. Wright, Hamburg.
H. Wright, Hamburg.
A. S. Johnson, Osceola.
W. G. Malin, Columbia.
W. G. Malin, Columbia.
Dood £ Meleck, Spring Creek.
Wm Hartsock, Tama.
Dood & Meleck, Spring Creek.
Ed. Reichman, Toledo.
E. S. Carpentei, Tama.
I. W. Mapes, Hamburg.
C. A. Sterling, Washington county .
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. CORN— CONTINUED.
KIND.
FROM WHOM.
Dent (4 varieties) white — Pop corn, shelled and ears. Pop corn, shelled and ears
Pop corn, red, shelled
Pop corn, shelled
Pop corn, white
Sweet corn, ears
Sweet corn, ears
Calico, striped
J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
A. Slosken, Eagle Grove.
J . K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
R. S. Parkhurst, Hauxburg.
John Shawner, Osceola.
C. Danforth, Hamburg.
S. Adams, Belmont.
VVm. R. Sherley, Hamburg.
H. Wright, Hamburg.
WHEAT.
Sea Island
Winter, on straw
Doty
Sea Island
Red Russian ,
German Emperor, fall
Sea Island, spring
Doty, spring
Gold Drop
Winter
Sea Island
Odessa
Fife (5 varieties)
White Russian
Sea Island
Blue Stem ,
Sea Island
Sea Island
No. 2
Sea Island . .
Andrew .Law, Perry.
VVm McTurk, Crystal.
Wm. McTurk, Crystal.
Wm. McTurk, Crystal.
W. C. Cory, Columbia.
C. Hoyt, Hamburg.
C. Hpyt, Hamburg.
F. Gillman, Hamburg.
A. Calkins, Hamburg.
C. A. Sterling, Washington county.
C. A. Sterling, Washington county.
C. A. Sterling, Washington county.
J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
J. K P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
Rosedale Farm.
T. A. Scott, Eagle Gr->ve.
Hill Bros., Clarion.
W. C. Morton, Clarion.
OATS.
White Russian. . . White Russian. . .
Fox
White German. . . White Russian . . White Russian. . . White Russian . . White Russian . .
Mixed
Barley oats
Excelsior
Mammoth white. White Hibernian Mammoth white .
G. H. Palmer, Gaultsville.
A. Elder, Belmont.
S. Adams, Belmont.
J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
C. A. Sterling, Washington county.
O. S. Wing, Hamburg.
M. E. Johnson, Osceola.
M. E. Johnson, Osceola.
A. Ebey, Clear Creek.
W. G. Malin, Columbia.
W. G. Malin, Columbia.
Robert Patheridge, Tama.
Robert Patheridge, Tama.
WORLD'S EXPOSITION. FLAX.
KIND.
FROM WHOM.
Russian flax I J. K. P. Thompson.
Russian flax I J. K. P. Thompson.
Russian flax J. K. P. Thompson.
Flax seed John Muerhead, Perry.
Flax seed M. E. Johnson, Osceola.
Flax seed Hill Bros., Clarion.
Flax seed John Smith, Belmont.
TIMOTHY.
Timothy seed IE. Lynch, Belmont.
Timothy seed J. Echels, Buckingham.
Timothy seed M. E. Johnson, Osceola.
Timothy seed C. A. Sterling, Washington county
Timothy seed J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
Red top M. E. Johnson, Osceola.
Blue joint grass seed J. K. P. Thompson, Rock Rapids.
BARLEY.
Barley I Dood & Meloch. Spring Creek.
Barley IQ. 8. Wing, Hamburg.
RYE.
Winter rye N. H. Kusick, Belmont.
Red rye ; M. E. Johnson, Osceola.
White rye R. S. Parkhurst, Hamburg.
White rye C. A. Sterling, Washington county
BEANS.
Black W. T. Butts, Belmond.
Yellow. W. T. Butts, Belmond.
Marrowfat W. T. Butts, Belmond.
Boston Yellow W T. Butts, Belmond.
Cranberry W. T. Butts, Belmond.
Fancy Colored W. T. Butts, Belmond.
Red Valentine C. A. Sterling, Washington county
Soup C. A. Sterling, Washington county.
Black Wax C. A. Sterling, Washington county .
Chinese Red Eye C. A. Sterling, Washington count v .
Lima C. A. Sterling, Washington county
Navy C. A. Sterling, Washington county .
Soup , John Shawner, Osceola.
Mixed John Shawner, Osceola.
Prolific White R. Petheridge, Tama.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. *APPLES.
KIND.
FROM \VHOM.
Jonathan
Rolands
Winesap
Yellow RussetJ. Grimes' Gold... Willow Twig . . .
Ben Davis
Winter Pippins. Ten varieties . . .
W. G. Mulms, Tama.
W. G. Mulins, Tama.
W. G. Mulins, Tama.
W. G. Mulins, Tama.
W. G. Mulins, Tama.
W. G. Mulins, Tama
A. S. Johnson, Osceola.
A. S. Johnson, Osceola.
C. A. Sterling, Washington county
» This display independent of exhibit in Horticultural Hall.
CANE PRODUCTS.
Amber sugar cane
Cane sirup
Cane sugar
John Stuart, Perry. John Stuart, Perry. John Stuart, Perry.
I ..i i
Cane seed John Stuart, Perry
Cane molasses — I John Stuart, Perry
MISCELLANEOUS.
Broom-corn, seed and stalks
Peppercorns
Parsnips
Carrots
Beets
Silver onions
Pale red onions
Wethersfield onions
Egg plant
Peas
Cane seed
Hickory nuts
Red oak acorns
Sweet pumpkin seed
Hubbard squash seed
Castor beans seed
Beet seed
Carrot seed
Parsnip seed
Turnip seed
Tomato seed
Lettuce seed
Radish seed
Celery seed
Cucumber seed
J. Hoskins, Hamburg. Wm. Calkins. Hamburg. F. Jeckel, Hamburg. P. Jeckel, Hamburg.
F, Jeckel, Hamburg. H. Wright, Hamburg. H. Wright, Hamburg. W. R. Calkins, Hamburg. W. R. Sherley, Hamburg.
C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county . 0. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county . C. A. Sterling, Washington county . C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county.
G. A. Sterling, Washington county. C. A. Sterling, Washington county.
. A. Sterling, Washington county. . A. Sterling. Washington county
24
WORLD'S EXPOSITION, POTATOES.
|
KIND. |
FROM WHOM. |
|
W. G. Malm, Columbia. |
|
|
Belle |
W. G. Malin, Columbia. |
|
W. G. Malin, Columbia. |
|
|
W. G. Malin, Columbia. |
|
|
R. Petheridge, Tama. |
|
|
R. Petheridge, Tama. |
|
|
Joseph Sesson, Tama. |
|
|
White Peachblow |
Joseph Sesson Tama. |
|
White Elephant. |
Joseph Sesson, Tama. |
|
Peerless |
Joseph Sesson, Tama. |
|
Mammoth Peerless |
James Burg, Tama. |
|
P. Lichly, Toledo. |
|
|
Ohio Grand |
P. Lichly, Toledo. |
|
White Neshanock |
P. Lichly, Toledo. |
|
Variety of Sweets |
T. J. Bently, Hamburg. |
|
Snow Flake . • ... |
John Shawner, Osceola. |
|
Iowa Blues |
John Shawner, Osceola. |
|
Iowa Mammoth |
M. E. Johnson, Osceola. |
|
Forty five varieties . ... |
S. T. Rasseau Hamburg |
|
Peerless |
J. T. Drain, Hamburg. |
|
Early Ohio |
J. T. Drain, Hamburg. |
|
Alma |
J. T. Drain, Hamburg. |
|
Big Mary Ann |
Gus Wollace, Hamburg. |
|
Sunbeam |
Kosedale Farm Wright county |
|
Victor |
Uosedale Farm, Wright county. |
|
Murphy's own |
Rosedale Farm, Wright county. |
|
Early Rose |
|
|
Early Summer |
|
|
Beauty of Hebron |
|
|
White Star |
|
|
Rochester Market |
|
|
Dakota Red |
|
|
Champlain |
|
|
Champion |
|
|
Pride of the Field |
|
|
Conklin's Surprise |
Contributed by citizens of Lyon |
|
ConkUn's Prolific |
county through lion J K. P. |
|
Magnum Bonum |
'I'hompson Rock Rapids |
|
Pride of Cambi idge |
|
|
Burbank |
|
|
Chicago Market |
i |
|
Boston Market |
|
|
White Elephant |
|
|
2STo name, 4 varieties |
|
|
Winnie, one |
|
|
Winnie, No. 2 |
|
|
Early Gem |
|
|
Early Albany |
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. VEGETABLES, ETC.
25
KIND.
Mammoth squash, 185 pounds.
Mammoth beet, 27 pounds
Giant squash
Field peas
Citrons
Silver Gloss buckwheat
Millet seed
Section of soil
FROM WHOM.
Contributed by citizens of Lyon county, through Hon. J. K. P. Ihomp son, Rock Rapids.
26 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
The foregoing list of exhibits, while specifying the articles dis- played, cannot convey any idea of the manner of their presentation to the gaze of the visitor.
A large quantity of grains were exhibited on the stalk, and in com- mon with the various grasses of the State were arranged in tasty and artistic designs. Most of the grains, in seed, were shown in orna- mental glass jars; and neat and attractive decorations were employed whenever practicable, in enhancing the attractiveness of the general display. The character of the soil of Iowa was intelligently shown by four glass tubes or cylinders, one foot in diameter and eight feet in height, containing vertical sections of earth, taken from different sections of the State. This actual representation of Iowa soil was a most noticeable feature, and received universal attention and com- mendation. A large octagonal pyramid of glass was used in the display of grains, and the glory of Iowa cprn was exhibited in the presence of a "Corn House," twenty feet in height, constructed largely of corn in the stalk and ear.
No premiums were awarded exhibits of any kind displayed in the Government and States Building — articles being allowed therein for "display only," and not for competition. The Iowa exhibits dis- played elsewhere were liberally accorded high recognition in the shape of medals, diplomas and other premiums.
A list of such awards will be found in another part of this report*
EDUCATIONAL.
The Educational exhibit was one of the most complete and attract- ive features of the Exposition. The Department of Education occupied the greater portion of the immense gallery of the Govern- ment and States Building, and comprised the display of foreign educational systems and institutions; that of the United States Government and those of the several States and Territories, supple- mented in many instances with exhibits of private academies and schools. Each and all of these were very full and complete. It was, therefore, extremely desirable that the best possible aid obtainable should be enlisted in preparing and installing the State* exhibit in this department, and to such end the Commissioner requested the Department of Public Instruction to extend its supervision over the work of showing the educational status of Iowa. The task was assumed by Hon. J. W. Akers, Superintendent of Public Instruction,
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 27
who at once entered upon the discharge of his important and labo- rious duties. Superintendent Akers says in his report:
" The material used at the Madison exhibit was re-collected so far as pos- sible (it having been returned to the schools which contributed it). The work was very generally rebound, and the Kindergarten work framed and covered with glass, so far as this was necessary and possible from its nature. The College for the Blind at Vinton and the School for the Deaf and Dumb- at Council Bluffs contributed very fine displays of their work, and the con- tributions of many counties, cities and towns not represented at Madison, swelled the New Orleans exhibit beyond our hope or expectation when entering upon it.
" A space of 40 x 42 feet in the main gallery, directly over the space assigned to the Iowa Commissioner on the floor of the Government building was as- signed to the Iowa educational exhibit. By suitable partitions and decora- tions our space was made \ery attractive, and was commonly called the 'parlor of the gallery.' Joining our space on the west was the exhibit of education of the State of Minnesota. When it is known that this exhibit was probably the most beautiful and attractive exhibit of education ever made by any State, it will not seem surprising that Iowa was put upon her mettle, and taxed to her utmost, in order to make a comparatively favorable showing. Our exhibit certainly received a fair share of attention from the visitors and teachers of all States, and many gratifying commendations, from visitors from foreign countries.
"The Department issued a circular of information, setting forth the organization and practical operation of our school system, and containing a lithograph school-house map of our State. This map excited great inter- est, and it is believed accomplished much for the credit of our State which could not otherwise have been expressed. It shows at a glance what Iowa has done in the interest of the education of her children and youth. Every dot stands for a school-house, and there is a school-house in the State for every dot on this map. The Department spent considerable time to arrive at accuracy in this matter. County maps were sent to the county superin- tendents respectively, with instructions to indicate with red ink the quarter section upon which each school-house in their individual county stood. These dots were transferred to a large map, 9x 12 feet, the work being done in this office, and great care taken to place the dots accurately and correctly. It is safe to say that there are to-dav more school-houses in the State than the map represents, as the data for it was obtained two years ago.
" I desire here to acknowledge my great obligations to Prof. T. H. Mc- Bride, of the State University, at Iowa City, for his able and efficient assist- ance, without which the educational exhibit at New Orleans could not have been made what it was. The arrangement of the material for the exhibit was very largely his work."
The exhibit was at all times attended by a representative of the department, Prof. T. H. McBride being in charge until February 1,
28 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
1885, at which date he was succeeded by Mr. Frank M. Leonard, of Iowa City, a graduate of the State University. To the urbanity, in- telligence and faithful labors of these two gentlemen, the Commis- sion are largely indebted in sustaining the high character of the magnificent exhibit installed by Supt. Akers.
EXHIBITORS.
The following is a list of exhibitors contributing to the Iowa Edu- cational Exhibit at the World's Exposition, New Orleans, with a brief list of the articles contributed by each exhibitor:
ACKLEY PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in grammar and history, from the seventh grade. Physiological drawings, from the seventh grade. Drawings illustrating problems in physics. Map drawings.
(All the work bound.)
ALBIA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work, from various grades. Penmanship— copy-books bound in volumes.
Map drawings.
(All the work bound.)
ATLANTIC PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in arithmetic and history, from the eighth grade. Manuscript work in language, from the sixth grade. Manuscript work in arithmetic, from the fourth and seventh grades. Map drawing, from the sixth grade.
BANES, J. DE, DUBUQUE.
Display card of photograph work.
BALLING ALL, P. G., OTTUMWA.
Silk banner with Iowa coat of arms.
BELLE PLAINE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work of all grades from first to eleventh.
Drawings, from the seventh and eighth grades.
Map drawings, from the same grades.
Worsted maps of Iowa.
Mat weaving, from first grade.
Box of clay models.
EEPOBT OF COMMISSIONER. 291
BLACKBURN, MISS 8., VINTON.
Teachers' examination questions. Teachers' examination manuscripts.
Circulars showing the work of county normal institutes during a period of ten years.
(All the work bound.)
BURLINGTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in arithmetic, language, grammar, history, geography and music, from all grades.
Penmanship from all grades.
Manuscript work in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, Latin, German, natural science, book-keeping, etc., from the high school.
(All the work bound.)
CASS COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Drawings, from the country schools.
Map drawings, from the graded schools of Marne.
Map drawings, from the country schools.
(All the work In portfolio.)
CEDAR RAPIDS PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in arithmetic and language, from the first, second and4 third grades.
Manuscript work in arithmetic, geography and grammar, from the fourth, fifth and sixth grades.
Manuscript work in arithmetic, grammar and history, from the seventh grade.
Manuscript work in political economy, English literature, algebra, botany and physics, from the high school.
(All the work bound.)
CHARLES CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in arithmetic, from all grades from third to eighth in- clusive.
Penmanship, from grades third to eighth inclusive.
Manuscript work in geography and language, from grades four to eight inclusive.
Manuscript work in history, from the eighth grade.
Manuscript work in physical geography, algebra and word analysis, from, tSae ninth grade.
Manuscript work in physics and word analysis, from the tenth grade.
Manuscript work in physiology and geometry, from the eleventh grade.
30 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
Manuscript work in political economy, Latin and English literature, from the twelfth grade.
Slate work drawings and pencil work, from the primary grades. Map drawings from the fifth and sixth grades.
CLINTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work, from the first and third grades.
Manuscript work in language and arithmetic, from the fourth and fifth grades.
Manuscript work in arithmetic and geography, from the sixth and seventh grades.
Manuscript work in arithmetic, grammar and history, from the eighth grade.
Manuscript work in English literature, geometry, algebra, physiology, modern history, German and Latin, from the high school.
Charts of kindergarten work, from the primary grades.
Boxes of kindergarten material.
Drawings, from the primary grades.
Literary blanks filled by pupils.
(Manuscript work all bound.)
COLUMBUS JUNCTION.
Manuscript work in arithmetic, grammar, geography, history, physiology and algebra, from the grammar grades.
Manuscript work in grammar and geography, from the intermediate grades.
Map drawing, from the intermediate grades.
CORNELL COLLEGE.
Framed cut of the buildings and grounds. Photographs of president and professors. Manuscript sketch of the institution.
CRESTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in language and arithmetic, from the first and second grades. Manuscript work in language and arithmetic, from the third, fourth, fifth
sixth grades.
Manuscript work in history, from the seventh and eighth grades. Drawings, from the fourth grade.
Map drawings, from the fifth, seventh and eighth grades. Manuscript work in civil government and geometry, from the high school. Charts •* outlines of grammar," from the high school.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 31
DAVENPORT PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in language, arithmetic and geography, from the third to seventh grades inclusive.
Manuscript work in language, arithmetic, geography and history, from the eighth and ninth grades.
Manuscript work in zoology, geometry and botany, from the high school.
Manuscript work in German, from several grades and from the high school.
Manuscript work, from the city training school.
Miscellaneous manuscript work.
Drawings, from grades fourth to ninth inclusive and from the high school.
: States, from primary grades.
Teachers' charts for instruction in primary grades.
Color charts for instruction in primary grades.
Box of colors corresponding to the item last mentioned.
Charts for instruction in music.
Charts for elementary work in numbers.
Programme of daily exercises.
(All manuscript work bound.) DBS MOINES PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in language, arithmetic and geography, from the pri- mary and grammar grades.
Inventions in paper cutting and paper folding from the primary grades. Original designs In paper cutting from the fifth grade. Manuscript work in history from the eighth grade. Herbaria from the high school. Map drawing from the seventh and eighth grades. Slates from the primary grades.
Charts for primary instruction from the training school, Worsted maps of Iowa from the primary grades. Worsted maps of Polk county from primary grades. Clay relief maps of Iowa from primary grades. (All manuscript work bound.)
DUBUQUE.
Chart of ornamental petimanship from Baylies' Commercial College.
BLDOKA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript works in language and arithmetic from the grammar grades. Manuscript work in arithmetic, history and geography, from the high school.
Book-keeping from the high school.
Manuscript work in commercial arithmetic from various grades. Drawings illustrating physiology from the high school.
32 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
FORT MADISON PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Penmanship from grades third to eighth, inclusive.
Primary drawings.
Map drawings from grade.
GRAND JUNCTION PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Penmanship from the primary grades. Manuscript work in grammar from the grammar grades. Manuscript work in arithmetic, ancient history, physical geography and United States history, from the high school. Drawings from the grammar grades and from the high school.
HACKNEY, W. F.
Plans and elevation for a five-room school house.
HARDIN COUNTY POBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in language, arithmetic and history, from the country schools.
Drawings from the country schools. Map drawings from the country schools.
HUISCAMP, j. c. An oil-painting— fruit-piece.
IOWA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
Herbaria from the Sophomore class of 1884.
IOWA AUTHORS.
The following authors have contributed to this exhibit: Allen, Jerome. Marvin and Morisey.
Benton, T. H. McBride, T. H. Bessey, C. E. McClain, Emlin.
Burke, Finley. McClain, William.
Crosby, W. E. McCreary, J.* L.
Currier, A. N. Ross, J. N .
Fisher, W. R. gaiter, William.
Friesner, W. N. Stevens, A. J.
Gurney, C. H. Sudlow, P. W.
.Harris, J. B. .Tillinghast, B. F.
Hornberg, J. D. " Wedgwood, G. Hull, W. N. White, C. A.
Jackson, J. H. Wright, D. 8.
Magoun, George F.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 3$
IOWA COLLEGE FOB THE BLIND.
Manuscript work in geometry.
Two volumes " raised letter."
Numerous samples of bead work.
Two brooms.
One hair mattress.
One husk mat.
One piece of rag carpet.
Numerous pieces of fancy knitted work.
One cane chair bottom.
Samples of thread lace.
One doll and hammock.
Maps (cloth) of Iowa and Louisiana.
IOWA FALLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in geometry and physiology from the high school.
(All the work bound.)
IOWA INSTITUTION FOK THE DEAF AND DUMB.
Two crayon portraits enlarged from photographs. Four crayon art pieces. One pen and ink sketch. Eleven pairs of boots and shoes. One walnut office desk.
IOWA STATE NOKMAL SCHOOL.
Manuscript work in English literature, geometry, English analysis, alge- bra, arithmetic and penmanship. Theses of the graduating classes, 1878-83. Notes of lectures on didactics. Notes of work in botany. Notes of laboratory work in physics. Set of drawing books. Herbaria.
Set of relief maps, made in putty. Charts of physiological drawings. Charts for primary teaching. Charts of drawings from various grades.
(All manuscript work bound.)
GREENE COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work from the country schools of Bristol township. Manuscript work fiom the country schools of Cedar township. Map drawings from the country schools of Cedar township.
34
WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
Miscellaneous work in manuscript from the country schools of Franklin township.
Map drawings from the country schools of Franklin township. Manuscript work from the country schools of Grant township. Map drawings from the country schools of Grant township. Manuscript work from Hardin township country schools. Manuscript work from Highland township country schools. Manuscript work from Junction township country schools. Manuscript work from Paton township country schools. Manuscript work from Washingtown township country schools.
JEFFERSON PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work from all grades and from the high school. Drawing illustrating problems in physics from the high school. Map drawings from the grammar grades and the high school.
JESUP PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in history. Map drawing.
KINGSLEY PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work In reading, arithmetic, geography, history and civil gov- ernment.
(All work bound.)
KOSSUTH COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Map drawings.
LE CLAIRE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in language, etc., from the fifth and sixth grades. (All the work bound.)
LE MARS PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Primary work in arithmetic and penmanship.
Manuscript work in language and arithmetic, from grades second to fourth inclusive.
Manuscript work in geography from the seventh grade. Manuscript work in German and political economy from the high school. (All the work bound.)
LEWIS PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in geography and history from the eighth and ninth
LYONS PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in botany and rhetoric from the high school.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 35
MARBLE ROCK PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in arithmetic and language from the second, third and eighth grades.
Manuscript work in geography from the fourth grade.
Manuscript work in grammar and algebra from the fifth grade.
Manuscript work in history, English grammar and arithmetic from the seventh grade.
Map drawings from the grammar grades.
MARENGO PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in language and arithmetic from grades fifth, sixth and seventh.
Manuscript work in history from the eighth grade. Manuscript work in rhetoric, botany, Latin and German, from the high
school grades.
(All the work bound.)
i MARSHALL COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in geography, arithmetic, language, physiology and his- tory, from district No. 1, Timber Creek township. Drawings from the same school. Map drawings from the same school.
(All the work bound.)
MARSHALLTOWN PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in language, from grades second to seventh, inclusive. (All the work bound.)
MCGREGOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in arithmetic, geography and history from the grammar grades.
Report of the public schools for the term ending December 21, 1883.
(All the work bound.)
MONROE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in arithmetic and language, from the first and second grades.
Manuscript work in geometry and English literature, from the high school.
NORA SPRINGS PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in language and arithmetic from the sixth grade.
(All the work bound.)
MORRIS, H. W.
Herbaria, representing the Iowa flora.
36 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
OTTUMWA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in arithmetic and language, from the first and second grades.
Manuscript work in music and language, from the third and fourth grades.
Manuscript work in music, arithmetic, history and language, from the fifth grade.
Manuscript work in music, language and geography, from the sixth grade.
Manuscript work in aiithmetic, geography and language, from the seventh grade.
Manuscript work in arithmetic and language, from the eighth grade.
Manuscript work in history, English literature, latin, geometry, physics and botany, from the High School.
Drawing, from all grades above the second.
(All the work bound.)
PLACK, W. L.
Architectural designs for school- houses (three).
POCAHONTAS COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work from the primary and grammar grades. Map drawings from the primary and grammar grades.
ROCKFORD PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in arithmetic from the first, second, third and fourth grades.
Manuscript work in physical geography and arithmetic from the fifth grades.
Manuscript work in arithmetic, physiology, history and language from grades seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth.
8ANBORN, W. W.
Architectural designs for school-houses (five).
SPIRIT LAKE.
Manuscript work and map-drawing.
SPRINGFIELD.
Manuscript work from various grades. Bound volume of map-drawings.
SPRINQVILLE.
Drawings from the grammar school. Map-drawings from the grammar grades.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 37
STATE DEPARTMENT.
Four glass charts, displaying—
1. Organization and growth of County Normal Institutes for a period of ten years.
2. A graphic representation of the relation of the school population to the entire population; school population to enrollment; enrollment to aver- age attendance; daily attendance to daily absence.
8. The school statistics of the State from 1848 to 1883.
4. The organization of the Iowa school system.
Six linen charts, illustrating graphically the increase in the number of teachers employed; in school population; in number of schools; in perma- nent school fund; in valuation of school property; in total annual expendi- tures for school purposes.
Blank teachers' certificates of four grades.
Blank high school diploma.
Blank State certificate.
Sample lithographs from Des Moines.
Photographs of public school-buildings and colleges throughout the State.
A bound set of Iowa school reports.
A bound set of Iowa school laws and decisions.
The report of the census of Iowa from 1835-80.
Bound volumes of various school journals.
Bound volumes of miscellaneous State documents.
One volume of blanks for reports of district secretaries.
One volume of blanks for reports of county superintendents.
One volume of blanks for reports of district treasurers.
A school-house map of the State showing number and distribution of school-houses.
STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA.
One illustrative paleontological cabinet.
Laboratory note-books in biology, botany, conchology and paleontology.
Theses in zoology and civil engineering.
Five photographs of drawings, illustrations for a work on paleontology.
Sets of drawings illustrating three terms' work in instrumental drawing.
Drawings illustrating first and second terms' works in free hand-drawing.
A set of topographical maps.
Drawings in India ink and water colors.
Box of mounted microscopic slides.
STEAMBOAT ROCK.
Charts of kindergarten work.
Charts of primary work.
Charts of physiological drawings.
Charts of various work from the grammar grades.
Map drawings.
8g WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
STITCH, JOHN M.— CLINTON.
A set of crayon sketches and drawings.
TAMA COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in language from the ungraded schools of Oneida town- ship.
Manuscript work in language from Gladbrook graded schools and high school.
Drawings from the country schools of Columbia township.
Map drawings from Howard, Carroll, Lincoln, Crystal, Highland, York and Columbia townships.
Worsted map of Tama county and of the State.
UNION PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in language from the intermediate grades. Manuscript work in arithmetic, language, physiology and history from the grammar grades. Drawings from the grammar grades.
WATERLOO PUBLIC SCHOOLS— EAST SIDE.
Photographs of free-hand drawings. Photographs of school buildings. Programme of daily exercises. Floor plans of school buildings. Map drawings.
WATERLOO PUBLIC SCHOOLS — WEST SIDE.
Penmanship from the fourth grade.
Manuscript work in grammar and arithmetic from the seventh grade. Manuscript work in history from the eighth grade.
Manuscript work in algebra, history, geometry, analysis and physical geo- graphy from the high school. Map drawings from the primary grades.
WEST LIBERTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Manuscript work in grammar, arithmetic, composition and physiology
from grades.
Dissected maps illustrating anatomy. Map drawing.
WITTER, F. M.
A collection of the land and fresh water mollusks of Iowa.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 39
HONORS AND AWARDS.
DIPL MA OF HONOR.
State of Iowa— Collective educational exhibits.
Iowa State University, Iowa City— Theses, laboratory, note-books, draw- ings, cabinet of paleontology.
DIPLOMAS.
Frank Bond, Iowa City — Theses on blue jay.
Burlington Public Schools— Class work from graded and high schools.
Charles City Public Schools— School work, etc.
Clinton Public Schools — Pupils' work, kindergarten charts, etc.
Davenport Public Schools — Manuscript work, teaching charts, drawing.
Des Moines Public High Schools— Manuscript work, clay and worsted maps, herbaria.
Eldora Public Schools— Drawings and class work.
Hardin County Public Schools— Pupils' work, map drawing, etc.
Iowa College for the Blind, Vinton— Papers in geometry, bead work, brooms, etc.
DIPLOMA.
Iowa Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Council Bluffs— Shoes, desk, art work, etc.
Iowa State Normal School, Cedar Falls — Theses, examination papers, note-books, herbaria, charts, etc.
Ottumwa Public Schools—Pupils' work.
CERTIFICATE OF MERIT.
Ackley Public Schools— Language, drawing and maps.
Atlantic Public Schools — Pupils' work.
Belle Plaine Public Schools— Maps, drawings and language.
Miss S. Blackburn, Vinton— Teachers' examination questions, reviews.
Cedar Rapids Public Schools — Pupils' work.
Hattie Cochrane, Iowa City— Theses on leaves, illustrated.
Columbus Junction Schools — fupils' work.
Creston Public Schools— Manuscript work and charts.
Grand Junction Public Schools — Pupils' work.
40 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
CERTIFICATE OF MERIT.
Greene County Public Schools— Pupils' work.
Iowa Agricultural College, Ames— Herbaria.
Iowa Falls High School— Geometry and physiology.
Jefferson Public Schools— Pupils' work.
Le Mars Public Schools— Pupils' work.
Marble Rock Public Schools— Maps and class work.
Marengo Public Schools— Class woik.
Monroe Public Schools— Pupils' work.
Polk County Public Schools— Pupils' work.
Rockford Public Schools— Class work.
Shenandoah Public Schools— Pupils' work.
Sidney Public Schools— Class work.
Shimek, Bohnmil, Iowa City— Theses on fresh-water mollusks.
Sioux'City Public Schools— Maps, drawings and class work.
Tama County Public Schools— School work.
Webster County Public Schools— Pupils' work.
HONORABLE MENTION.
Albia Public Schools— Manuscript, pupiJs' work.
Cass County Pnblic Schools— Pupils' work.
Marble Rock Public Schools— Pupils' work.
Marshall .County Public Schools— Class work.
Marshalltown Public Schools— Manuscript work in language.
McGregor Public Schools— Class work.
Nora Springs Public Schools— Pupils' work.
W. H. Norris— Herbaria of Iowa flora.
Pocahontas Public Schools — Class work, maps, etc.
Scranton Public Schools— Manuscript, class work, all grades.
Searsborough Public Schools— Pupils' work.
Sheldon Public Schools— Class work in arithmetic, geography, etc.
Steamboat Rock Public Schools— Kindergarten, maps, etc.
Union Public Schools— Class work.
"West Liberty Public Schools— Pupils' work.
REPORT OF COMMISSION EK.
PROF. Me BRIDE'S CONCLUSIONS.
The preceding list, affording in almost every case only the briefest description possible, can give the reader no adequate conception of Iowa's educational exhibit at New Orleans. The list is simply a catalogue intended to indicate the general nature of the work dis- played. Only those who saw and studied the exhibit in place are prepared to give opinion of its excellence. The material shown was abundant and varied. It came from the deft and willing fingers of our children. The greater part of the work was not prepared espec- ially for the World's Fair; much of it was never intended for dis- play at all, yet all compared most favorably with work coming from schools in which the Exposition had been for months the one thing thought of. The honesty of the display was everywhere apparent, some of the work shown being superlatively good, some fair, and some very poor, altogether revealing exactly what was going on in our Iowa school on the day the exhibit was collected.
In amount of material displayed, Iowa was certainly second to no other State, while in variety, in what may be called comprehensive- ness, her exhibit was unrivalled. Pupils' work was shown from every grade; from nearly every kind of school in the State, from lowest primary to the university, and through it, from schools in the city, schools in the village, and schools in the country.
Of the credit gained for the State by this exhibit, it is difficult to form any adequate estimate. The place assigned Iowa was, perhaps, the most prominent in all the educational display, and her school work was the " observed of all observers." The name of our State became familiar to those who had hardly known it before, and every- where her enlarging fame was associated with her intellectual prog- ress as indicated by the growth and development of her schools. Nor was this the only benefit derived. The stimulus given to educational effort, both at home and in other States, must not be overlooked. Our larger towns now, more than ever, vie with each other in the ex- cellence of work produced. City and county exhibits are the or- der of the day, and a generous emulation is everywhere manifest. 6
42 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
lowans who visited the exhibit, proud that their schools had done so well, were inclined to make them more and more worthy of a world's praise; while citizens of States in which public schools had made little progress, judged the system by its fruits and became its warm- est advocates, determined upon its universal introduction and sup- port.
The exhibit derived, in some respects, a decided advantage from the fact that a similar display was made at Madison last July. The preparation for Madison was an experience by which many Iowa teachers knew how to profit. At the same time so much praise was bestowed on that first effort that the State was in danger of resting upon its laurels, and of allowing the opportunity of the New Orleans World's Fair to pass by default. The short time elapsing between the two exhibits also worked disadvantageously, since in many cases the work sent to Madison had scarcely reached home, when similar work was again called for.
However, notwithstanding these difficulties, and some others that need not here be named, the exhibit as it stood, might be fairly con- sidered representative. Country schools, graded schools, high schools, colleges, and university, were all represented, and taken together pre- sented almost every kind and grade of work done in the schools of the State. The work also came from a great many localities, illus- trating the same or equivalent grades, in a great many different schools, so that the exhibit was not representative only, but likewise very comprehensive and complete.
It would be impossible, within the present limits, to give even a brief account of each of the individual exhrbits. A few must be selected which were more prominent either on account of the amount of material displayed, or because of some special attraction. It has been said that all kinds of school work were represented. By no means the least interesting material in this wide variety was the work of primary grades. Many schools, both city and country, exhibited very conclusively how the kindergarten methods and material can be made available in our public school system; and that, too, without the aid of special kindergarten teachers. The Clinton schools made a very handsome exhibit of this kind in form of map-weaving and simple paper cutting.
The district schools of Tama county, the public schools of Belle Plaine and Steamboat Rock, and the city schools of Des Moines, also made exhibits of kindergarten work of various sorts, notably in the
KEPOKT OF COMMISSIONER. 43
form of worsted maps of State and county. In addition to the pri- mary work there were displayed beautiful patterns in inventional paper cutting, from the fourth and fifth grades.
In primary language work much excellent material was shown; that from Marshalltown and from Hard in county being perhaps most prominent. Burlington sent primary work in all subjects, and from her entire system of schools. Folding slates, covered with primary work in various subjects, were shown from Charles City, Davenport and Des Moines.
In Iowa, as elsewhere, drawing is rapidly coming into favor and finding a place for itself in schools of all grades. Clinton followed her kindergarten work immediately with drawing, demonstrating what can be done in a short time without a special teacher. Daven- port, in a beautiful series, displayed her entire course in the subject; from the fourth grade through the high school, and from nearly all the schools exhibiting we had samples of drawing evincing more or less perfect systems of instruction.
But it was of general work, in the ordinary lines of study, that the great bulk of Iowa's exhibit consisted. There were thousands of pages of pupils' work in arithmetic, grammar, geography, history, and the like. In such displays Oskaloosa vied with Ottumwa, Marshall- town with Clinton and Davenport, and Rockford and Marble Rock with Shenandoah and Sidney. Every step of the pupil could be traced from the primary to the high school, or through it. Burlington ex- hibited this whole educational history in a single volume, embelished by numerous ornate title-pages and drawings in ink. High schools in all the places named sent work in mathematics, science and language. There were beautiful pages of German, problems in algebra, botanical records and herbaria. Iowa Falls high school sent fine manuscript, geometrical demonstrations, and Creston elaborate outlines of Eng- lish grammar, together with a large amount of manuscript in subjects pertaining to the ordinary high school course. Nor was the higher education of the State without adequate representation. The State Normal at Cedar Falls made large display of drawings of all grades, of charters for primary instruction, and most beatif ul map drawing in ink, large folio size. Then we had manuscripts of examinations in many subjects, physics, didactics, geometry, algebra, etc.; fine her- baria, prepared under the discretion of Miss M. Gilchrist, the profes- sor of natural science, and a set of large relief-maps in putty, prepared under the direction of Miss McGovern. These maps were something
44 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
unique, at once simple, beautiful and instructive, and deservedly received a great deal of attention.
The whole Normal school exhibit conveyed the impression of an effort to furnish the State with teachers who shall be well-informed and competent for work, with the ordinary school machinery and ap- paratus or without it.
Close by the display just described was found that made by the State Department of Public Instruction. This exhibit was a sort of epitome of the entire school system of the State. Here were school statistics spread on beautiful glass charts, displaying in concise and graphic manner all the facts which statistics are competent to show. For example, these tables exhibited the growth of the Iowa school system from its organization to the present, the growth of the perma- nent school fund, of the expenditure for school purposes, the increase in the school population and in the number of teachers employed; also, the present organization of the various educational institutions under the patronage of the State, and the organization and growth of the county normal institute system. A distinctive feature of this display was a large map of the State, showing the location of each school-house in every county. This map was a revelation to almost every one. Very few of all who saw it, had the remotest idea of how abundant school-houses in Iowa are, or of the uniformity of their distribution throughout the counties of the State; conditions which justify the motto, " A school-house on every hill-top."
Associated with all these exhibits from the common schools, and in the center of all in the general arrangement, the contributions from the State University found their place. The university showed a large display of drawings, both instrumental and free hand, illustra- ting the work in this line for the freshman and sophomore classes. Then followed topographical maps of great perfection and excel- lence. In the very center of the exhibit stood two cases — the one containing a collection of fossils illustrating the method of teaching paleontology in the university, the other displaying two collections of land and fresh water shells — one belonging to the university, the other to Mr. B. Shimek, a former student. A score or more of note- books, neatly written and filled with original pencil-drawings, show- ing beautiful work done by students in the laboratories of natural science; and the theses in engineering, botany and zoology were so far as observable entirely without rivals.
It remains to speak of two special exhibits, one from the Iowa Col-
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 45
iege for the Blind at Vinton, and one from the Institution for Deaf Mutes at Council Bluffs. Both these institutions sent samples of pu- pils' work. From the blind were shown all kinds of fancy needle- work, beadwork, and knitted lace; from Council Bluffs came crayon sketches, boots and shoes, and a handsome walnut office-desk.
Taken altogether, Iowa's educational exhibit was representative, comprehensive and complete, and once more, as at Madison, placed the State in the foremost rank for educational privilege and endeavor.
MANUFACTURES AND MACHINERY.
The supervision of this department of the State display was con- fided to W. C. Huntington, of Des Moines. The great importance of this portion of the exhibit was fully recognized by the Commis- sion, and especial means and measures employed to secure to it the utmost completeness and prominence attainable from the character and amount of material at hand. The display of manufactured goods was made upon the space allotted the State in the Government and States building. That of machinery in the main building and in the machinery annex. In addition, fine displays of vehicles were made in the carriage annex.
The exhibit of manufactures upon the Iowa space was a credit to the State, and elicited much commendatory notice from visitors. As •compared with similar displays of other States, it was a source of pride, and sustained in a marked degree the high position assigned the State as a manufacturing community by the tenth census, that of ranking second of all States west of the Mississippi river.
The following
LIST OF EXHIBITS shows the display made by this department.
H. W. JOHNSON— KEOKUK.
Furniture—
1 . Elkhorn chair. Frame- work composed of two immense antlers; back and seat of carpet upholstering.
2. Student's rocking chair. Back and sides made from root of tree, showing pieces of stone imbedded in the wood; all highly polished and up- holstered in plush.
46 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
BURLINGTON WIRE MATTRESS COMPANY — BURLINGTON.
1. Bed lounge. Black walnut, veneered panels, carpet upholstering, an<J plain trimmings.
2. Student's rocker. Walnut frame of mammoth size, elegantly uphol- stered in maroon plush trimmed with deep blue plush, supported by a sin- gle pair of heavy springs and solid walnut platform.
3. Reclining chair, of heavy walnut frame; back, sides and foot-piece of bright maroon, with orange trimmings.
4. Single lounge. Walnut frame, web bottom body, upholstered with. old gold plush trimmed with dark navy blue plush.
6. Single lounge. Web bottom, walnut frame, with light maroon up- holstering and old gold trimmings.
6. Projection folding cot, with patent head-piece, and two other styles.
7. Three woven wire bed springs in frames, and tour coil spring mat- tresses of different styles and patterns.
8. Three coil bed springs in frames of one style.
L. HARTSHORN— CHARLES CITY.
Sample of double spring bedstead.
JOSEPH BARBORKA— IOWA CITY.
Tower clock. Frame of best cast iron, wheels bronze in gun metal, cut gearing made by special tools, pinion and shaft of steel and brass. Weight of ball one hundred pounds, frame weighing forty pounds. All encased in heavy glass case, four and one half feet high, two and one half feet wide, and two feet deep, placed on a platform in front of Iowa headquarters^ Kept exact time from moment of starting, December 25, 1884, at 12 noon^ until removed in June, 1885.
TRENK WIRE WORKS, DUBUQTJE.
Wire and Wire Goods.
1. Fifteen rolls of screen wire of various grades and colors.
2. Large wire flower stand with hanging baskets and half round stand.
3. Office railing used in banks and offices.
4. Flower stand; square arch designed for small rooms. 6. Waste paper basket of copper wire and neat design. 6. Steel wire sand screen of novel construction.
L. C. GRAY, FORT DODGE.
Postal Cabinet. A very convenient letter rack for private offices, post offices, etc. A cabinet was placed in the Iowa headquarters December 16, and used continually throughout the exposition, giving complete satisfac- tion and attracting many words of commendation.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 47
DBS MOINES PAINT AND COLOR CO.
Mixed Paints. Collection of paint shown in various sized cans, and of following colors: Ceiling blue, pale cream, pea green, French gray, light brown, lavender, light olive, medium brown, fawn, dark olive, stone gray, dark brown, tuscan red, Venetian red, floor yellow, vermilion, extra dark brown, red brown, inside white, outside white, Chinese blue, vandyke brown.
PERFECTION INK CO., MUSCATINE.
Inks and Mucilage.
Large variety of purple, violet, black, blue, red, and other inks, on a semi- oval pyramid. Also mucilage in ten different styles of bottles, handsomely displayed.
M'GUIRE & FORD MANUFACTURING co, CLINTON.
Economy Egg Pail. Capable of holding ten dozen eggs. Pail 12 inches nigh, 8 inches across bottom and 10 inches across top, containing four per- forated slides, each perforation holds one egg, and slides fitted over an up- right piece in center of pail.
H. WEISS, BURLINGTON.
North Star Egg Case. Box form, heavy paper trays; each tray holds three dozen eggs. Ten trays contained in one case. The trays can be folded and packed. Ten sets No. 1 trays in one case solid. Fifteen sets No. 2 trays in one case solid. Each tray or filler has a complete lock in each corner of each and every cell, making it impossible to come apart as others do.
BENJ. FRANKLIN, BOONSBORO.
Quadruple Bee Hive.
This hive is arranged to contain four colonies separated from each other, well ventilated by a central chamber or flue attached to a double bottom, having an air passage supplying the bees with fresh air just where it is needed, while the vapor or breath arising from the bees in winter can escape up through the central flue, and not at top of hive, thereby preventing damp- ness and mouldy comb, which are death to the bees. It is claimed to be a protection against extreme heat as well as cold.
MORRISON & M'INTOSH, GRINNELL. Gloves, Mils and Leather.
1. Palmateer finish goat gloves, plain trimming, heavy sewed.
2. Blanket mitts, sheep-skin body with part heavy flannel. Youth's pontiac mits, goat face and flannel trimming.
3. Sheep gloves, plain finish and unlined.
48 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
4. Pontiac mitts, heavy goat body and cuffs trimmed with heavy flannel.
5. Blanket mitts, goat body and lined with flannel.
6. Heavy sheep mitts, goat face.
7. Youth's goat gloves, unlined.
8. Wool mitts, goat face and covered with heavy goat wool, lined with flannel.
9. Sheep skin, full pelt. Dear skin, half tanned pelt.
PORTER BROTHER & HACKWORTH, OTTUMWA.
Harness and Fixtures.
1. Perfect trace carrier, No. 1, (2 samples.)
2. Best out-trace buckles.
3 . Improved tire ring halter, brass trimmed .
4. Perfect trace carrier, No. 2, (2 samples. )
5. Improved fire ring halter, nickle trimmed.
6 . Improved fire ring halter, brass trimmed.
7. Double flange collar, turned edge for buggy team.
8. Double flanged collar, machine sewed, fancy welt.
9. Double flanged collar, full patent, leather coach with gilt chain. 10. Double flange collar, imitation case and Scotch brass.
JOHN C. HORNKR, LEON.
Whippletree hook.
N. GODES, PRESTON.
Show case with fine display of belt fixtures.
W. P. WOOD, DECATUR.
Miniature wagon brake.
KETCHTJM WAGON CO., MARSH ALLTOWN .
Wagon and Carriages.
Wagon, plain two-horse farm wagon. Show case with miniature wagon.
JOHN BURG & SON, BURLINGTON.
Burg wagons; two horse; wood work elegantly finished and varnished in the white; no paint; iron work highly polished. (In Wagon Annex.)
J. KARS, OTTUMWA.
Carriage cushions from Ottumwa.
Also, enameled leather and cloth of different colors.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 49
THOMAS A. BEAMAN, MT. PLEASANT.
Patent sash fastener.
BUFFINGTON WHEEL CO., BURLINGTON.
Fine display of carriage wheels and models of hubs, showing the method of putting the wheels together.
HANABACK & WILSON, BONAPARTE.
Jars, flower pots, jugs, etc., in variety.
A. MAYER, O8KALOO8A.
Variety of jars, etc.
HANEY & CAMPBELL, BELLEVTJE.
1. A convenient and useful apparatus for gathering cream.
2. Milk cooler; patented. A new device for cooling milk rapidly.
C. TRACY, MITCHELL VILLE.
Patent milk pail.
TDTTLE & COREY, DES MONIES.
Well tubing and culvert pipe of artificial stone.
J. B. PETTIT, BURLINGTON.
Washing machines.
BULINGTON WASHING MACHINE COMPANY.
Apparatus for washing clothes, etc.
WAINE & M'CASLAND, MARSHALLTOWN. •Case of horse shoes of various kinds and elegant workmanship.
CAPITAL CITY WOOLEN MILLS, DES MOINES.
Woolen Goods.
1. Large display of all wool blankets, plain and in colors.
2. Three cases of flannels, all styles and patterns.
BONAPARTE MILLS.
Woolen Goods.
1. Large display of flannels.
2. Large exhibit of yarns, all colors.
3. Large display of cassimere goods, all prevailing styles.
7
50 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
HAQOBBTY & SON, BURLINGTON.
Case of horse shoes. Unsurpassed in merit by any display in either build- ing; hand-made shoes for the shoeing of horses for any trouble.
W. B. VARNEY, IOWA CITY.
Universal wood worker. A very ingenius machine for turning, sawing, boring, etc. This machine used largely in installing exhibit from Iowa.
MORGAN BROS., CRE8TON.
Incubator. A patented machine and very attractive.
WM. H. HILL, 8R., WAVERLY.
Broom machine, by a gentleman seventy-two years of age. Invented and used by him in making brooms.
A. C. MOUNT, MARSHALLTOWN.
Variety of brooms.
KUHN & SONS, BURLINGTON.
Brooms.
LE GRAND QUARRY CO., MARSHALLTOWN.
Panel pieces in tile and stone. Very fine.
W. F. BRANDENBURG, BURLINGTON.
Screen door and window; black walnut frame door highly ornamented. Very attractive.
OTTUMWA STARCH CO., OTTUMWA.
Starch. Fine display, on pyramid. Largest in building.
JOHN MORRELL & CO., OTTUMWA.
Pork, lard, hams, shoulders and bacon, on handsome pyramid.
JOHN STUART, TRAER.
Model of sugar evaporator.
JOHN LEWIS, DBS MOINES.
Artificial stone vases of large size, for lawns. Very ornamental.
WORCESTER & SON, OTTUMWA AND DBS MOINES.
Three show cases. One 6 feet, two 4 feet; walnut and oak woods. Very fine.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 51
CYCLONE MANUFACTURING CO., DE WITT.
1. Skillfully designed machinery for boring hubs. A machine of marked ability and merit.
2. Plow coulter. A new and desirable method of attaching coulters to beams.
H. W. JOHNSON, KEOKUK.
Picture frame decorated or entirely covered on its face by the vertebra of rattlesnakes. The frame contains a picture of the maker. Attracts much attention.
GJBINNKJLL HEADER COMPANY — GUINNELL.
Grain header, and exhibits illustrating the extent of the business of this large institution
WILLIAM GOULD — STUART.
Patent railroad joints.
J. G. CHERRY — CEDAR RAPIDS.
Display of churns and dairy implements.
DIJTZ— WATERLOO.
Fruit drier.
A. H. BABCOCK— O8KALOO8A.
Washing machine.
A. H. HILL— OSKALOOSA.
Window blinds.
WIND ENGINE CO.— KEOKUK.
Wind mills.
BENNETT AND FRANTZ— BURLINGTON.
Display of two-horse farm wagon; also handsome light single buggy.
RANDOLPH & CO.— GRINNELL.
Assortment of plows.
IOWA BARB WIRE CO.— DBS MOINIC8.
Wire fence and machinery for making same.
MURRAY IRON WORKS.
Lard-press, wheel-scraper, sausage machines and other heavy machinery.
52 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
HAWK-EYE BARB WIRE COMPANY— BURLIGTON.
Fifty bundles of barb wire, sample fence, wire corners.
C. BLODELL & SONS— MC GREQOB.
Two-horse wagon.
DUPLEX SPRING BED CO. — BURLINGTON.
Bed springs of several styles.
ADAM MOHEN.
Butter tubs.
EMBALMING BURIAL CASE CO. — BURLINGTON.
Fine caskets.
DECKEK & BONITZ— BURLINGTON.
A fine glass case containing specimens of their manufacture (woolen goods) prepared especially for the exhibition, was destroyed en route.
J. H. ROACH & CO.— DUBUQUE.
One of the largest and best displays of candies and other confectionery to be found on the grounds.
DUBUQUE LINSEED OIL & PAINT CO.— DUBUQUE.
Large assortment of all kinds of paints.
A. L. CLARK— DUBUQUE.
Fire-escape and automatic window screen.
IOWA IRON WORKS— DUBUQUE.
Steam pumps.
FLENIKEN TURBINE CO.— DUBUQUE.
Turbine water-wheel.
JAMES GUSHING & SON— DUBUQUE.
Fine display of vinegars, automatic safety gate for elevator hatchways.
KEY CITY BARREL CO.— DUBUQUE.
Display ol kegs and barrels.
C. LOET8CHEH— DUBUQUE.
Cast iron arch for steam boiler.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 5£
IOWA COFFIN CO.— DUBUQUE.
Large assortment of fine burial cases.
DUBUQUE SHOT CO.— DUBUQUE.
Display of their products in a large star and crescent.
CHAMBERLAIN PLOW CO.— DUBUQUE.
Assortment of plows and feed- cutters.
M. 8. ANDREWS— DUBUQUB.
Test churn for creameries.
NATIONAL IRON & BRASS WORKS— DUBUQUB.
Steam pumps and locomotive bell-ringers.
C. L. PRITCHARD— DUBUQUE.
Adjustable buggy top and dash-board, also seats and cushions.
JOHN GLAB— DUBUBQUE.
Mustard and vinegars.
KNAPP & STOUT— DUBUQUB.
Tubs and pails.
T. DE EARNER— DUBUQUB.
Fine display of photagraphs.
H. 8. HETHBRINQTON— DUBUQUE.
Photos of early settlers of Dubuque.
C. BAYLESS— DUBUQUB.
Work from his commercial college; a pen picture executed by 0. 8. Chap man, being especially fine.
CEDAR FALLS CANNING CO.
Handsome showing of canned corn.
HARRIS & COLE BROS. — CEDAR FALLS.
Large display of wooden pumps.
TOM CONNELLY— DUBUQUB.
Largest display from any western State, consisting of fine closed carriages, elegantly upholstered phaeton, and other vehicles. This exhibit had the post of honor in the building and attracted much attention.
54 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
THE COOPER WAGON — DUBUQUE.
Twenty common farm wagons, especially suitable for southern trade. Strong and durable and much in demand.
A. Y. M'DONALD— DUBUQUB.
Large display of pumps, built in a pyramid, and admitted to be not only the most handsome exhibit of the kind in the Government building bnt In the entire exposition; also engine for pumping.
MT. PLEASANT SCALE COMPANY.
Display of farm scales (main building.)
STAB WAGON WORKS — CEDAR RAPIDS.
Large exhibit of wagons showing excellent work.
MUSCATINE OAT MEAL COMPANY.
Very large and handsomely displayed exhibit. The meal in show cases especially attractive.
PRIVATE EXHIBITS.
MANUFACTURING.
In addition to the foregoing lists of articles exhibited by the State of Iowa In its collective and non-competitive display, there were a number of private exhibits from the State, made by manufacturing firms who bore their own expenses and entered their articles for competition. The success of such firms in the latter direction was most gratifying, and to secure as many of such exhibits as possible was the constant aim of the Commission.
THE DIAMOND CREAMERY, MONTICELLO.
This firm ranks among the great manufacturing institutions of Iowa, and indeed of the United States. It has over a million of dollars invested in its work of manufacturing butter, especially for shipment to foreign countries, and to the hottest climates of the globe. In this specialty it has no suc- cessful competition. It is an historic fact that the development of this firm's success and the large increase of the dairy interests in Iowa, are the results of Iowa's bringing her dairy advantages into prominence by securing the first premium for butter over the entire world at Philadelphia, and maintaining that record ever since at expositions.
The Diamond Creamery's exhibits in the main building was made in a .novel pyramid, and its butter, both plain and in the tin packages for hot climates, was awarded the gold medal and first premium.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 55
NOVELTY IRON WORKS— DUBUQUE.
This large establishment had an extensive exhibit, under the supervision of Mr. C. S. Burt, one of the leading representatives of the firm, who was honored by his fellow exhibitors by his election as president of their asso- ciation. One of the engines of these works was chosen to aid in running the vast machinery of the Exposition, and was awarded the first premium over the world for engines. There was also a large display of other pro- ducts by this Iowa manufactory.
IOWA FARMING TOOL COMPANY— FT. MADISON.
No more attractive exhibit was ever seen in the main building than the large glass pagoda containing the display of this company. It consisted of shovels, forks, hoes and every kind of tools used on a farm. As this com- pany has worked up a large trade in the South and in South America, its exhibit was of great benefit to it.
ROBINSON & HITT — WATERLOO.
This firm made a splendid showing of omnibuses.
OTHER EXHIBITS.
Several other private displays of manufacture from Iowa were shown in th« main building.
The displays made by the manufacturers of Dubuque, Des Moines, Burlington, Bonaparte, Cedar Rapids, Cedar Falls, Iowa City and Ottumwa reflected the highest credit upon their skill and taste. The exhibits of woolen goods eliciting universal praise by reason of their high grade in texture, quality and stability of color. The arrange- ment of the articles in this department was excellent and reflected credit upon the Superintendent and his assistants.
Mr. L. K. Bowdish, of Dubuque, was appointed by the Commission assistant superintendent of this department. His attention to the large display from Dubuque was attested by the excellent manner in which the goods were shown.
WOMAN'S WORK.
This section of the exhibit was entrusted to Mrs. Mary S. Scott, of Nevada, whose work in the Iowa department at Philadelphia, was most creditable, and whose success at this exposition, despite many unfavorable circumstances, is one of the most gratifying features of Iowa's participation at New Orleans. In an eleborate report to the Commission, Mrs. Scott says :
50 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
REPORT OF SUPT. SCOTT.
August 5, 1884, 1 received my appointment, and as soon as possible I began the preliminary arrangements. On August 27th I issued cir- cular No. 1, requesting prompt and hearty co-operation from the women of the State, and explaining the character of work desired. September 15th I issued circular No. 2, and October 8th circular No. 3, in relation to the mode of packing, addressing and forwarding exhibits, and also an extended account of the manner of disposing of goods by the Commission at New Orleans. This circular was also a reprint of circular No. 2, with the additional mention of pantry stores as a desirable exhibit.
In the meantime I had been visiting most of the larger towns and cities of the State and holding meetings with the ladies relative to the display I was anxious to obtain. This I continued with utmost fervor for the next sixty days, in some instances visiting two towns per day. In this way I met with the ladies of Des Moines, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, Burlington, Mt. Pleasant, Ottumwa, Marshalltown, Cedar Rapids, Iowa City, Davenport, Sioux City, Waterloo and other cities. October 24 a report of the meeting at Iowa City was pub- lished in lieu of another circular which would but reiterate what had been previously fully explained. December 1st, while preparing to leave the State, I was notified of a disastrous railroad wreck which occurred to a portion of Iowa's exhibit, near Burlington on the pre- vious night. It was reported that the whole of the woman's exhibit was totally destroyed. In order, however, to collect and repair the remains of the once beautiful display and make as good a showing as possible, I went to New Orleans, reaching there December 4th. On the 8th was held the first meeting of the lady commissioners. Mrs. Julia Holmes Smith, Commissioner for the northwest, came about the 10th of December and secured our space; on the 13th the ladies again met with Mrs. Howe, who was present for the first time. The wrecked cars came in December 15th or thereabouts. Upon unpacking and sorting I discovered missing or damaged the articles designated by a * in the list hereinafter given.
We were enabled to commence unpacking on receipt of the remain- der of our boxes, about December 20th. January 7 we began perma- nent arrangement of goodp, and had the exhibit fully installed Jan- uary 28, as then arranged, save the missing articles. The exhibit was as follows:
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 57
THE EXHIBIT.
PATENTS.
I. *Fly screen door attachment No. 302, 916, filed Aug. 5, 1884. Phoebe H. Lrmbourne, West Liberty.
II. ^Photograph album, filed Feb. 14, 1883 Viola J. Angie, Spencer.
III. *Step ladder. Mrs Mary G. Gartrell, Des Moines.
IV. Baking powder can and measure combined. Mrs. Lillie Raymond,
Osceola.
V. Thermometer to facilitate cooking and baking in an oven. Mrs. Flora
Grace Perry.
VI. The excelsior ironing table. Mrs. S. L. A very, Manson.
VII. Invalid bed, No. 270,046; patented Jan. 2, 1883. Mrs. A. P. Fobes,
Dubuque.
VIII. Silver plated carriage tip and wagon tongue. Maria Dunham, Dun-
lap.
DENTISTRY.
I. Dental case. M. E. Hildreth, Mt. Pleasant.
LITERARY WORK.
I. Europe through a woman's eye. Mrs. Lucy Y. Culler, Burlington.
II. Common school compendium. Mrs. L. J. Lamphere, Des Moines.
III. Hospital life. Mrs. Sarah Young, (Alias Aunt Becky) Des Moines.
IV. Wee Folks of No Man's Land. Mrs. May M. Wetmore, Dubuque.
V. *Two of us. Calista Halsey Patchin, Des Moines.
VI. *For girls. Mrs. E. R. Shepherd, Marshalltown.
VII. * Autumn leaves. Mrs. M. L. Scott, Greencastle.
VIII. * Affection's tribute. Mrs. R. S. Naylor, Des Moines.
IX. A new system of phonetic pronunciation in German and English. Mrs. Mary A. Henderson, Salem.
X. Her lovers. Miss Sue Harry Claggett, Keokuk.
XI. *Clippings. Mrs. Col. Springer, Anamosa.
XII. Christmas story, translated from the French. Miss Bertha Favard,
Keokuk.
XIII. *A suggestive work for the Sabbath school teachers and advanced
scholars. Mrs. Eugenia Kibborn, Cedar Rapids.
XIV. Practical ethics. Mrs. Matilda Fletcher. 8
58 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
*XV. I, The prevention of insanity.
2, The relations and duties of the general profession toward insanity.
8, Insanity in women.
4, Plan for the State care of the chronic insane.
6, The hospital care of insane women.
6, Psychiatory in Iowa.
7, Suicide.
8, Charity reports.
(a) Charitable institutions of Iowa, 1882.
(b) Charitable institutions of Iowa, 1883.
(c) Report of national conference of charities, 1882.
(d) Report of national conference of charities, 1883.
(e) Report of national conference of charities, 1884.
9, Work of women in Iowa, by Jennie McCowen, A. M., M. D., of
Davenport. XYI. 1. Chinese poems.
8, A bundle of letters.
8, The daughter of the king's forester. Miss Favard, Keokuk.
XVII. The rivulet and clover blossoms. Maud Meredith, Dubuque.
XVIII. Centennial and other poems. Mrs. Rebecca I. Pollard (alias Kate
Harrington), Keokuk.
XIX. 1, Cooking and castle building. 2, Soup and soup making.
8, Bread and bread making. 4, Salad and salad making.
6, Vegetables and vegetable cooking. Mrs. Emma P. Ewlng, I. 8. A. C., Ames.
XX. '76 cook-book. Ladies of Plymouth church, Des Moines.
XXI. Northwestern cook-book. Ladies of Presbyterian church, Keokuk. XXII*. Matron's cook-book. Mrs. Shankland, Dubuque.
XXIII. 1, '76 cook-book.
2, Mrs. Welsh's cook-book.
8, Autumn leaves.
4, A book for schools, Mrs. Sara B. Mills, Des Moines,
XXIV. Catalogues of stock, compiled by Mrs. Adeline M. Payne, Nevada.
XXV. Miuutes of annual meetings, W. C. T. U.
XXVI. Three lectures before the Iowa Liberal League. Mrs. H. S. Lake,
Ottumwa.
XXVII. Legal papers. Miss Nannie M. Smith, Keokuk.
XXVIII. Transcript (weekly papers). Miss Lizzie M. Lathene and Mrs.
J. L. Wilson, Cedar Rapids.
XXIX. Silk manual. Mrs. M. H. Tweedie, Foote.
XXX. The mid-continent. Edited by Maud Meredith, Dubuque.
XXXI. County superintendent's report. Mrs. C. A. Frimble, Calhoun
county.
XXXII. The Eagle Grove<Times (weekly paper). Mrs. C. J. and Miss Kate
Prehm, Eagle Grove, Wright county.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 59
MUSICAL COMPOSITION.
I. The Lord's Prayer. Miss Emma G. Holt, organist St. Mary's church,
Ottumwa.
II. 1, *Sparkling Stream.
2, Sunshine and Shadow.
3, *Golden Sometime Waltz, Mrs. Estelle E. Vore, What Cheer.
III. 1, Cherry Glen Schottische.
2, Cherry Glen Waltz.
3, Le Grand March.
4, Mizpah Reverie. Mrs. Cora Robbins Fracker, Iowa City.
MILLINERY.
I. fTrimmed hat from Winterset.
II. Bonnet. Mrs. Brown, Ottumwa.
III. 1, *Black velvet hat.
2, f Brown velvet bonnet.
3, fBlack crape bonnet.
4, * White lace, M. C. Bowling, Davenport.
IV. White bonnet. Mrs. David Beimingham, Keokuk.
KNIT WORK.
I. Knit collar. Mary Ann Neasham, aged 12 years, Nevada.
II. Zephyr rug. Mary J. Parker, Lyons.
III. 1, Pair stockings
2, Pair socks. Mrs. W. H. Palmer, Waterloo.
IV. Infants' skirts. Mrs. H. D. Hatch, Waterloo.
V. 1, Tidy.
2, Cushion. Mrs. Kleeblatt, aged 60 years, Council Bluffs.
VI. *Normandy lace. Mrs. M. J. Conley, Sac City.
VII. Linen mitts. Miss Ella Estis, Keokuk.
VIII. 1, Pair stockings.
2, Pair gloves. Mrs. Nancy Sloan, aged 82 years, Oskaloosa,
IX. The mitten. Flora E. Simonds, West Branch.
CROCHET WORK.
I. Child's Afghan. Mrs. M. M. Wright.
II. Shawl. Diana Day, Nevada.
III. Feather-edged lace. Mrs. Flora Girton, Waterloo.
IV. Trimming for curtain. Mrs. M. B. Minchen, Carroll.
V. Hood. Miss Bertha Prescott, Carroll.
VI. Lace. Mrs. Cory, Council Bluffs.
VII. *Pinball. Minnie S. Lucas.
VIII. Pair mittens. Flora E. Simmons, West Branch.
IX. Opera hood. Mv E. Wright.
0Q WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
X. Opera cape. M.E.Wright.
XI. Pair bracelets. L. M. Postlewait, Ottumwa.
XII. Tidy. L. M. Postlewait, Ottumwa.
DRAWN WORK.
I. Doily. Mrs. Chas. A. Clark, Cedar Hapids.
II. 1, Scarf table cover.
2, Sideboard.
3, Tidy.
4, Tidy.
5, Handkerchief. Mrs. A. Aspenwall.
III. Night robe yoke. Mrs. E. Lane, Waterloo.
IV. 1, Bureau scarf.
2, Handkerchief. Miss Anna Edgerton, Waterloo.
V. *Sample piece. Mrs. S. P. Miller, Sac City.
VI. ^Handkerchief. Miss Cora Cornell, Vinton.
VII. Bureau scarf. Mrs. J. D. Platt, Waterloo.
VIII. Doily. Marion Lane, Waterloo.
LACE.
I. English point fischu. Mrs. D. L. Waldron, Nevada.
II. 1, English point fischu.
2, Point Honiton handkerchief. Mrs. E. M. Scott, Burlington.
III. Hand-made lace. Mrs. Walker, Waterloo.
IV. English lace. Mrs. M. V. Bringham, Sioux City.
V. 1, *Neckerchief , English lace.
2, *Fisehu, English lace.
3, *Cuffs, English lace. Mrs. Anthony (aged 69 years), Clinton.
VI. Handkerchief. Mrs. C. B. Huston, Keokuk.
DA.RNED NET.
I. 1, Apron.
2, Tidies. Mrs. Flora Girton, Waterloo.
II. Pair pillow shams. Miss Lizzie Wagner, Ottumwa.
III. Child's dress. Miss Lizzie Nelson, Odebolt.
TATTING.
I. 1, Handkerchief.
2, Collar. Mrs. Florence Cunningham, Ottumwa.
EMBROIDERY. I. WOOL.
I. *Cross stitch. Miss Georgia Broomfield.
II. Ottoman cover. Mrs. Susan Chamberhouse (aged 69), Carroll.
III. *Foot rest. M. S. Scott, Nevada.
IV. Strip for foot rest. Lola A. McDaniels (aged 14 years), Vinton.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 61
V. Petit point: " Child washing her colored nurse." Mrs. A. Groninger,
Sioux City.
VI. Pair slippers. Mrs. W. H. Palmer, Waterloo.
VII. Tidy. Mrs. Jochnous Hunter, Schaler.
VIII. Tidy. Edith Sutton, Odebolt.
IX. Tidy. Mrs. M. J. Stewardson, Odebolt.
X. Tidy. Miss J. E. Hammond, Odebolt.
XI. Pin cushion. Mrs. March, Odebolt.
II. G'OTTON.
I. Dress, from Winterset.
II. Pillow shams. Mrs. C. G. McCarthy, Nevada.
III. Chain stitch. Mrs. F. L. Small, DeWitt.
III. SILK.
I. 1, Infant's shawl.
2, Necktie. Mrs. Matt Parrott, Waterloo.
II. Infant's skirt. Mrs. Dr. Grouse, Waterloo.
III. Infant's skirt. Miss Anna McCrum, Davenport.
IV. *Pincushion. Mrs. C. G. McCarthy, Nevada.
V. 1, Shawl. 2, Banner.
8, Bird of Paradise.
4, Calla lily for applique. Madame S. Petit Demange, State Center.
VI. Satin stitch banner. Mrs. F. L. Small, De Witt.
VII. Cape. Miss Spence, Lyons.
VIII. Hat crown. Miss Josie Barron, Cedar Rapids.
IV. CHENILLE.
I. 1, Piano spread.
2, *Table scarf.
3, Sofa pillow. Mrs. M. Y. O'Neil, Council Bluffs.
V. EGYPTIAN TAPESTRY.
I. Curtain. Mary Avis Scott, Nevada.
VI. KENSINGTON.
1.^ Sofa pillow. Mrs. James Beaver, Cedar Rapids.
II. Bureau scarf. Miss Anna Edgerton, Waterloo.
VII. QUEEN ANNE.
L Easel scarf. M. S. Scott, Nevada.
$2 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
VIII. ARRASENE.
I. Banners. Mrs. E. Peake, Council Bluffs.
II. Banner, Mrs. M. E. Smith, Council Bluffs.
III. Pin cushion. Mrs. Jennie M. Terry, Lewis.
IV. *Table scarf. Forward & Gleason, Davenport.
V. 1, Plaque of thistles.
2, Placque of roses.
3, Wall piece of sumac.
4, Sofa pillow. Miss Josie Barrow, Cedar Rapids.
VI. Bannerette. Hattie M. West, Sioux City.
VII. Tidy. Mrs. Edith Sutton, Odebolt.
IX. CRAZY QUILTS.
I. W. C. T. U. Loaned by J. Ellen Foster, Clinton.
II. Bed scarf and pillow panels. Mrs. L. Archer, Carson.
III. Mrs. Clifford Watson, Clinton.
IV. Miss S. Julian, Dubuque.
x. RUGS.
I. Mrs. Knapp, Cedar Falls.
II. Mrs. Buck, Montezuma.
III. Mrs. M. Whitmore, Monticello.
IV. Mrs. M. J. Parker, Lyons.
ART— I. PENCIL DRAWING.
~3
I. Illustrations for a text-book in zoology; original drawing. By Mary P.
McBride, Princeton.
II. *Entomological drawings. Emma Heizer, Keokuk.
III. Sheep's head. F. Place, aged 15 years, Waterloo.
IV. Drawing. Mrs. P. E. Fowler, Waterloo.
II. PEN DRAWING.
I. Linen counterpane. Mrs. A. C. Dodge, Burlington.
II. Vase. Emma Henningsen, Lyons.
III. 1, The diver.
2, Shoe. Mrs. V. Lund, Lyons.
IV. Peacock feather. Vannie Heckel, Lyons.
V. *Card. Mary Hart, Lyons.
VI. *Card(2). Clara Madder, Lyons.
VII. *Card. Alice Stewart.
III. CRAYON.
I. Landscape. Mrs. Lizzie Mylton, Ottumwa. IE. 1, Battle scene, 2d Iowa at Ft. Donelson.
2, *Boy in Turkish cap. Mrs. Minnie Van Cise, Clear Lake.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. (
III. Child's head. Mrs. T. Mclntosh, Clear Lake.
IV. 1, *Litlle Red Riding Hood.
2, *Landscape, with cattle. Mrs. H. S. Mather, Clear Lake.
V. *Monarch of the Glen. Miss Lizzie McLaughlin, CJear Lake.
VI. 1, tRuth.
2, *Longfellow. Mrs. L. G. Hollister, Clear Lake.
VII. Girl's head. Kate Sutherland, Keokuk.
VIII. 1, Portrait of Rev. Dr. McClintock.
2, Portrait of Little Miss Penrose. Lelia R. L'enrose. Burlington.
IX. Twenty-three studies from Clinton Art School.
IV. WATER COLOR PAINTINGS.
I. Painting. Marion Lane, Waterloo.
II. Picture (2). Mrs. Lizzie Mylton, Ottumwa.
III. 1, Study in India ink.
2, Study in Sepia. Mary Avis Scott, Nevada.
IV. 1, View on Coon River from city of Des Maines. 2, River view. Miss H. O. Crippen, Des Moines.
V. OIL PAINTING.
I. 1, Azalia.
2, fMorning Glens and Daisies. 8, Currants.
4, Child of 30 years ago.
5, Head of Raphael. Mrs. Henry Wallace, Winterset. n. Collection of 9. Nellie G. Clancey, Anamosa.
III. Snowballs. Miss Hattie Gempert, Keokuk.
IV. Collection of 4. Mrs. Ellen Blake Schieve, Ottumwa.
V. Painting. Miss Albia Schieve, 7 years old, Ottumwa.
VI. Picture. Mrs. William Bates, Waterloo.
VII. fDog'shead. Child 12 years old, Nevada.
VIII. The Bride. Mrs. Eliza D. Cook, Newton.
IX. tHollyhock. Mrs. Mattie E. Buck, Montezuma.
X. Study from nature. Mrs. W. I. Buchanan, Sioux City.
XI. Summer Woods. Mrs. Wm. Whitney, Waterloo.
XII. *Summer landscape. Mrs. H. C. Boardman, Nevada.
XIII. fSunset in California. Mrs. R. G. Mclntosh, Clear Lake.
XIV. f Picture. Mrs. S. H, Shoemaker, DeWitt.
XV. Placque. Mrs. Dr. Morgan, DeWitt.
XVI. Picture. Mrs. T. Noddlers, Keokuk.
XVII. Snowballs. Miss Frances M. llazen, Davenport.
XVIII. 1, fView in Sullivan county, N. Y., after Summers. 2, fMt. Hood in the Distance, after Stuart.
8, f Study in foreshortening.
4, Prairie Fire.
6, View on Columbia River, near tunnel No. 3, after Stuart.
64 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
6, Nasturtiums.
7, Hollyhocks.
8, The Christmas Sheaf.
9, Tile (fire place).
10, Pond Lillies. Mrs. Mary S. Scott, Nevada. XIX. 1, Tambourine.
2, Wheat.
3, Golden Bod.
4, Head of Minerva, Mrs. E. E. G. Allyn, Dubuque.
VI. CHINA PAINTING.
I. Bottoni Patient Magdalene, Miss Lida Howell, Keokuk.
II. 1, Corregio's Magdalene.
2, Psyche, Mrs. Judge Howell, Keokuk.
III. 1, Six plate.
2, Six sauce dishes, Mrs. Henry Wallace, Winterset.
IV. Six plates, Marion Lane, Waterloo.
V. 1*, Two sauce plates, 2*, Two tea saucers, 8t, Two tea plates,
4, Two breakfast plates,
5, Two bread plates, (Sample of set of 120 pieces), Mrs. E. A. Raymond, Waterloo.
VI. l*,Vase.
2*, Bowl, Mrs. Leffingwell, Lyons.
VII. *Pitcher, Mrs. Silas Gardiner, Lyons.
VIII. *Plate, Vannie Henkel, Lyons.
IX. fPlaque, Mrs. Wm. Whitney, Waterloo.
X. Tile, in original design, F. Place, aged 10, Waterloo.
XI. 1, Tea pot.
2, Sugar bowl.
3, Cream pitcher, Etta Sickles, aged 15 years, Des Moines.
XII. 1, fOne dozen cups and saucers.
2, One fish service.
3, One dozen pie plates.
4, One dozen breakfast plates.
5, Three landscape plates.
6, One-half dozen dessert plates.
7, One dozen dessert plates.
8, One- half dozen salad dishes.
9, One salad bowl.
10, fFour bread and milk bowls and saucers.
11, One water pitcher.
12, *Two cream pitchers.
13, One sugar bowl.
14, One-half dozen fruit sauce plates.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 65
15, One dozen fruit plates.
16, One cake plate.
17, Two bread plates.
18, Compote.
19, Mustard tureens.
20, One dozen butter plates, Mrs. Mary S. Scott, Nevada.
ZEPHYR PAINTING.
I. 1, Fruit. 2, Birds. 8, Roses, Mrs. H. Perrier, Des Moines.
MISCELLANEOUS ART.
Modeling in clay.
I. 1, Bust of Justice Miller, U. S. Supreme Court.
2, Bust of ex-Senator Harlan.
3, Les Huguenots (orgiinal medallion), Mrs. H. A, Ketcham, Mt. Pleas- ant.
II. Soft sculpture, Mrs. H. Perrier, Des Moines.
III. Wood-carving, Mrs. Calesta Halsey Patchin, Des Moines.
IV. Photograph, Miss Lizzie Law.
V. Case photographs (tinted), Mrs. Inmer, Dubuque.
VI. Plaque of pounded copper. Mrs. Alex. Young, Dubuque.
VII. Lustra painting, Mrs. Dr. Williams, Marshalltown.
VIII. Chenille painting, Miss Ida C. Titus.
IX. *Painted Spanish lace, Lola A. Me Daniels, Vinton.
X. Kensington painting, Mrs. S. H. Shoemaker, De Witt.
XI. Mantle lambrequin, Mary Clark, Keokuk.
XII. Masonic apron, on lambskin, Mary Avis Scott, Nevada.
XIII. White velvet, Mrs. L. S. Harrington, De Witt.
XIV. Wax wreath, Mrs. Philip Smith Twingle, Dubuque.
XV. Wax work, Miss A. Payne.
XVI. State seal, on satin, Pet Walton, Mt. Pleasant.
XVII. Table scarf, M. M. Wright.
XVIII. Painted satin necktie, Mrs. Matt Parrott, Waterloo.
XIX. *Masonic apron, on satin, Mary Avis Scott, Nevada.
XX. Hand-painted tidy, Mrs. H. Birdsall, Winterset.
XXI. Banner, satin, State W. C. T. U., Mary J. Aldrich, Pres., Cedar Rapids.
XXII. Banner, State Synodical Missionary Society, Mrs. Young, Pres., Vinton.
XXIII. Banner, Ladies Literary Union, Dubuque.
XXIV. Book, W. C. T. U. Mrs. Allyn, Pres., Dubuque.
XXV. Case of flowers, composed of hair, feathers, zephyr and paper, Belle
Broadflt, Onslow. 9
66 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
MISCELLANEOUS.
I. 1, Silk rag curtain.
2, Mantle drapery embroidered with beetles' wings, Mrs. Geo. Gardiner,
Lyons. H. *Rick rack, Miss Hattie Hawkins, Vinton.
III. Hand-made shirt, Mrs. Lowe, aged 84 years, Vinton.
IV. *Darning, Mrs. M. B. Mincher, Carroll.
V. fSl umber robe, Mrs. E. M. Brooks, Carroll.
VI. Calico quilt, Mrs. Benaman, aged 112 years, Ames.
VII. Pair vases, Mrs. Susan Lawrence, aged 77 years, Dubuque.
VIII. Indelible stamping.
IX. Perforated patterns, Mrs. C. E. Barrow, Cedar Rapids.
X. Bead Pasmenterie, Madame De Mange, State Center.
INDIAN EXHIBIT — OF SAC AND FOX TRIBES, TAMA COUNTY,
I. 1, Roll carpet.
2, Money purse.
3, Girl's skirt.
4, String 1 1 air pipes.
5, Pair ear bobs.
6, Knit sacque.
7, String beads.
8, Pair leggins.
9, Blanket.
10, Girl's garter.
11, Bead head dress.
12, Bark sack.
13, Head band.
14, Dress.
15, Pair moccasins.
16, String wampum.
17, Pair boy's leggins.
18, Whip sack.
PANTRY STORES.
I. *Thirty glasses of jellies, Miss Edith High, DeWitt. List of exhibits in the colored department of Iowa Woman's Work :
CROCHET.
I. 1, Lace.
2, Chain, Miss Mamie Greenwood, Cedar Rapids.
II. 1, Lambrequin.
2, Lambrequin.
3, Lambrequin, Miss Mary A. Ford, Davenport.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER.
III. Lambrequin, Miss Bussey, Davenport.
IV. Tidy, Miss Ford, Davenport.
V. Worsted tidy, Miss Dora Snies, Oskaloosa.
LACE.
£. Honiton handkerchief, Miss Lida Haney, Muscatine.
II. Honiton handkerchief, Miss Lizzie Carr, Muscatine.
III. Rick rack, Ida Washington, Cedar Rapids.
DARNED NET.
I. Table spread, Virginia Walker, Davenport.
II. Samples of work, Mrs. Ford, Davenport.
EMBROIDERY.
WORSTED.
I. Cushion and mats, Bell Jameson, Des Moines.
II. Hair pin cushion, Mrs. Poindexter, Des Moines.
III. Appleque tidy, Adora Garland, Davenport.
ARRASENE.
I. Wall pocket, Virginia Walker, Davenport.
OUTLINE.
I. Tidy, Minnie Greenwood, Cedar Rapids.
II. 1, Splasher.
2, Towel, Mrs. J. E. Williamson, Des Moines. m. Side board cover, Mrs. J. T. Blagburn, Des Moines.
QUILTS.
I. Silk, Mrs. R. Van Atsworth, Iowa City.
II. Calico, Mrs. Emma Reed, Muscatine.
III. Calico, Mrs. Rachel Rogers, Davenport.
ART.
LOIL PAINTING.
I. 1, Water lillies.
2, Pond lillies, Miss Fanny Barnes, Muscatine.
WAX WORK.
I. Wax cross, Miss Sara A. Brassfleld, Muscatine.
II. Flowers, Miss Abby Payne, Des Moines.
flg WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
PANTRY STORES.
1. Canned fruit, Miss May Williamson, Des Moines.
MEDICINE.
I. African medicine, Mrs. E. Duffles, Dubuque.
IOWA WOMEN IN BUSINESS.
The aim of the department was to make known and thereby en- courage the efforts of women in Iowa in literature, invention, the professions and industries. The preparation of my exhibit showed that all departments of mental activity have been entered by women of the State, who have attained therein no small degree of excellence. They have been successful as editors, publishers, correspondents, critics, teachers, novelists, poets, scientists, essayists, lecturers, dram- atists, and in the liberal professions.
IN JOURNALISM.
The following are a few ladies whose abilities have placed them in the vanguard of journalism: Ella A. Hamilton, editor Northwestern Journal of Education* Mrs. R. S. Collier ("Ada Langworthy "), Miss Mae Rogers, Mrs. B. W. Poor, Mrs. E. E. G. Allyn, Georgia G. Smith (" Garnaville "), aged fourteen, Mrs. C. H. Dye (Jennie Juniper), Mrs. Leo Chapman, Clara Davidson, Miss Alice French (" Octave Thanet "), Miss Kate Prehn, Mrs. B. F. Wright, Mrs. Jennie L. Wilson, Mrs. L. M. Latham, Mrs. A. M. Payne, Mrs. H. L. Lake, and Mrs. Mary A. Hamilton (" Observer.")
EDUCATIONAL AUTHORS.
As authoress of educational works and books of reference are found the names of Mae Rogers, who edited the Waverly Dictionary; Mrs. L. J. Lan- phere, Common School Compendium; Mrs Emma P. Ewing, professor of domestic economy, I. A. C., who has published some valuable text-books on cookery; Mrs. Mary A. Henderson, phonetics in French and German; and Mary B. Welch, formerly teacher of domestic economy at the Iowa Agricul- tural College.
WRITERS OP FICTION.
Iowa novelists are Mrs. Mary M. Wetmore ("Oaks "); Ada Langworthy <also poetess); Mrs. Lucy Y. Culler, Mrs. R. 8. Naylor, Mrs. E. R. Shep- herd, Calista H. Patchin, Mrs. Sara Young ("Aunt Becky,") and Octave "Thanet.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER.
POETRY.
Among the poetesses are Mrs. D. T. Smith (" Maude Meredith,") also nov- elist; Mrs. Prof. Shoup, Mrs. Rebecca I. Pollard (u Kate Harrington,") and Miss Bertha Farard, who is also a translator of worth.
IN SCIENCE.
Mrs. M. L. D. Putnam, Miss Mary P. McBride and Miss Julia Sanders stand pre-eminent in the sciences.
ESSAYISTS.
The essayists on literary, philosophic, biographic and art subjects are a body of women whose work is of a superior order.
LECTURERS.
The literary efforts and successes of women in the lecture-field are well worthy of mention; the most prominent are J. Ellen Foster, Matilda Fletcher, Mrs. H. L. Lake and Mrs. Mary A. Adams.
ELOCUTIONISTS.
Dramatic literature has also its students and writers; while elocution ranks among its followers Ella June Meade, Nellie Bird, Matie Cope, Miss Timberman and Mrs. J. E. Fairbanks.
IN MEDICINE.
In medicine we find contributions from such able pens as Jennie Me- Cowen (A. M. and M. D.) Other successful physicians are Clara Yeomans, M. J. Tenny, M. E. Colby, Laura L. Lebhardt, Alice M. Stark, Edith M» Gould, Anna M. Culver, Rebecca Hanna, Stella Nichols and Margaret A. Cleaves, a member of the examining committee of the medical department of the Iowa State University.
LAWYERS.
The followers of the law are five of whom I have only the names of J. Ellen Foster and Nannie M. Smith.
DENTISTS.
There are three successful lady dentists, Mrs. M. L. West, Mrs. M. E. Hildreth and Mrs. Goore.
CLERGYMEN.
Iowa numbers among her ministers twelve women, prominent among whom are Ida C. Hultin, Mary A. Safford, and Marion Murdock.
70 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
TEACHERS.
In educational work are found Susan F. Smith, Professor of English Lit- erature at the State University; Ellen M. Rich, a member of the State Nor- mal Examining Board. There are thirteen county school superintendents and a number of principals. Miss Maude Gilcrist is employed as teacher in the State Normal School, and Professor Laura M. Ensign is a most successful teacher in the same school.
INVENTORS.
The spirit of invention, popularly supposed to dwell within the confines of New England, has taken the advice of Horace Greeley and is perma- nently located west of the rolling Mississippi. This is verified by the fol- lowing list of inventors among Iowa women:
Mrs. Phoebe B. Lambour, West Liberty; Viola J. Angee, Spencer; Clara Youmans, Clinton; Mrs. S. L. Avery, Manaon; Mrs. M. E. Tisdale, Cedar Rapids; Mrs. Gartrell, Des Moines; Maria Dunham, Dunlap; Mrs. Lillie Raymond, Osceola; Mrs. Flora Grace, Perry; Eugenia Kilbone, Cedar Rapids; Mrs. Ayers, Clinton; Mrs. A. P. Fobes, Dubuque.
ARTISTS.
The numerous art schools in Iowa are well patronized, pencil and pen drawings, etching and engraving, brass work, wood carving, oil, mineral and water color, crayon and pastel are branches of this study to which women are devoting themselves. There are more than 144 teachers of art. and 1,754 pupils, five art clubs, eight clubs for study of art, and about forty- seven artists whose work is especially noteworthy. In modeling, the names of 11. A. Ketchum and M. A. Taylor stand foremost. Ellen Blake Schieve, Mary Murray, Nannie Van Cise, Eliza D. Cook, Miss H. O. Crippen, Miss Pet Walton, Mrs. W. I. Buchanan, Nellie G. Clancey, Mrs. Win. Whitney, Mrs. Judge Howell, Miss Lida ilowell, and Mary L. Scott are the authors of valuable pieces in oil, mineral and water colors. As an artist in a novel line of work Mrs. H. Perrior has attained distinction. Mrs. Perrior is the originator of what is known as Zepher sculpture and painting. Miss Ora E. Miller and her sister, Mrs. F. W. Towlher, of Cedar Rapids, are known as the inventors of a new and valuable system of painting on cloth known as "Arrasene Work."
Miss Lizzie Law and Mrs. Durne r have done good work in photography.
In music, Emma G. Holt, organist of St Mary's church, Ottumwa, Mrs. E. G. Fracker and Estelle Vore have attained success in compositions. There are, moreover, about 1,721 teachers and pupils in music.
The needle has ever been the emblem of drudgery for women, but now, with the advancing spirit of the age, gorgeous flower pieces and ravishing sun tints bloom beneath her industrious fingers, which convert her work into one of pleasure and radiance, and if only another door has been opened for the anxious and willing hands of women, art needle work need play no
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 71
small part in the destiny of the gentler sex." Tables, windows, door open- ing and mantel shelves are now replete with the richness of warm toned draperies which the needle has embellished with tropical and rare flowers, fruits and grasses. Many are the names which might here be recorded, but those who might be considered as professionals in the work are fewer and can be embraced in those of Mrs. C. E. Barrow, Madame L. Petit Demange, and Mrs. Hableman. Thought, taste, mechanical skill, energy, and origi- nality are qualities as requisite in constructing a dress or bonnet as in any- thing apparently more complicated. Therefore it is but just to mention a few individuals who have contributed in this department. Mrs. Brown, Mrs. M. C. Bowling, Mrs. David Bermicgham and Miss M. A. Bamberger are ladies who have made a signal success as milliners. It is impossible to make a correct estimate of the number of women employed as dressmakers and in plain sewing, but the number is not less than five hundred.
OTHER WORK.
Besides the industries already mentioned, women are in business as fol- lows: women own and manage farms, 955; women overseers of farms, 18; women on stock farms, 6; women in dairies, 20; women in green-houses, 5; women market gardeners, 9; women in medicine, over 100; women in di- vinity, 12; women in pharmacy, 48; women nurses, 110; women civil engi- neers, 1; women presidents of banks, 2; women brokers of moneys and stocks, 3; women book-keepers in banks, 4; women court reporters, 1, women notaries public, 55; women bureau managers of newspapers, 1; women pension attorney, 1; women peddlers, 1; women livery stable and bus line, 2; women county recorder, 1; women sewing machine agent, 1.
In addition to the above, women are pursuing business as confectioners, hosiery manufacturers, ladies furnishing goods, book merchants, bakers, costumers, grocers, hair-dressers, jewelers, tailoresses, stenographers, tel- ephone operators, dyers, cashiers, language teachers, cigar makers, furriers, and even barbers.
The professional schools open to women are:
In Medicine— State University, regular and homeopathic; College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, Des Moines; College of Physicians and Surgeons, Keo- kuk; Medical Department of Drake University, Eclectic.
In Law— State University; Iowa Law School, Des Moines.
In Pharmacy— Iowa State University.
In Dentistry— State University.
In Domestic Economy — Agricultural College.
In Didactics— State University; State Normal School.
Iowa supports a home for " Aged and Friendless Women "; " Home for Erring Women," " Reform School for Girls," and numerous hospitals con- ducted by Sisters of Charity.
72 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
HONORS FOR IOWA WOMEN.
For the purpose of carrying out a system of commendation,- or honorable mention, the work of the Woman's Department was divided into classes, composed of different kinds of work, and for each of these a committee of three ladies was appointed as judges, who con- ferred two degrees of commendation in each class. The following is a list of the ribbons of
HONORABLE MENTION,
which were forwarded by the Secretary of the Woman's Department to this State:
Mrs. George Gardiner, Lyons, 1st mention, for portraiture. Mrs. George Gardiner, Lyons, 2d, for mantle drapery. Mrs. D. V. Waldron, Nevada, 1st, for English point lace. Mrs. C. G. McCarthy, Nevada, 2d, for outline embroidery. Mrs. H. A. Ketchum, Mt. Pleasant, 1st, for modeling. Mrs. Matt Parrott, Waterloo, 2d, for white flannel embroidery. Miss L. Julian, Dubuque, 1st, for Japanese quilt. W. C. T. U., Muscatine, 2d for Japanese quilt. Mrs. N. J. O'Neil, Council Bluffs, 1st, for chenille embroidery. Mrs. N. Anthony, Clinton, 1st, for English lace. Miss Lida Howell, Keokuk, 1st, for porcelain painting. Miss Mary P. McBride, Princeton, for original designs. Miss Etta Sickles, Des Moines, for China painting. Mrs. W. I. Buchanan, Sioux City, for study from nature. Madame T. J. Demange, State Centre, for Kensington embroidery- Mrs. A. D. Fobes, Dubuque, 1st, for hospital bed. Mrs. Mary S. Scott, Nevada, 1st, for China painting.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 73
THE DAIRY SECTION.
One of the first departments contemplated for the Iowa exhibit was the dairy. No branch of industry is more important in Iowa, and in no direction have the benefits of exposition to the State been so prominent as in the development of our butter yield and trade. No argument is needed to show that the gold medal awarded Iowa at the World's Exposition, in 1876, spurred the people of the State onward in a department of labor that was most profitable. In 1870 we had 369,8X1 dairy cows; in 1880 the number was 854,097, and in 1885, 1,200,000. From a few scattering, poorly equipped creameries in 1870, we had, in 1884, 650 creameries, as against 470 in Illinois, 430 in Wisconsin, and 139 in Minnesota, or more than one third as many as the States together named. Statistics of markets show that after Iowa's triumph in butter, in 1876, the price of the article not only ad- vanced in Iowa, but also the demand created for it in all parts of the country. Col. B. M. Littler, Secretary of the National Dairy Associ- ation, cite -j figures to show that (t four tubs out of every six sold in New York are made west of Chicago, and one third of the entire quantity is the product of Iowa creameries. From a yield, prior to 1876, that was only little more than what was needed for home con- sumption, the yield in Iowa of butter for 1884, was 60,000,000 poundp, which, at the low estimate of 12£ cents per pound, represents an in- come for the State of $7,580,000. The cheese industry has -also as- sumed large proportion in Iowa, the product being, in 1884, over 1,000,000, and the income 1400,000.
The great non-producing States of (good) butter, in the South, be- gan some eight years ago to try Iowa butter, and the result is that Iowa practically enjoys the great trade of these States in butter. St. Louis has become a great producer for us, and three fourths of all good butter sold in New Orleans is from Iowa. A fUie market for butter has also been opened in Mexico and countries further south, while the Government is a large purchaser for the army and navy, especially of butter packed for hot countries and long voyages. 10
74 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
SUPERINTENDENT HUSTON.
To superintend the collection of a dairy exhibit, the Commissioner invited Mr. A. Huston, of Cedar Rapids, a gentleman of experience in such work and a practical dairyman. Mr. Huston had also been chosen as a member of the National Board of the Dairy Department of the Exposition. In Mr. J. W. Johnson, of Oskaloosa, his assistant superintendent, Mr. Huston had efficient aid in making the great showing for Iowa. In his report to the Commissioner, Mr. Huston says:
Iowa stands at the head as a dairy producing State, and yet her possibil- ities can more than quadruple her present output. This rapid increase in the productions of the dairy convinced Iowa dairymen that they must look for new markets for their products, and they responded most heartily to the request to send their products to the World's Fair. Their contribution formed the largest exhibit of butter ever displayed by any State at any dairy fair or exposition.
PROMINENT EXHIBITORS.
Among the more prominent exhibitors to whom I am largely indebted for this most creditable display of dairy products were the Northeastern Iowa Dairymen's Association, which made an exhibit of 400 tubs (28,000 pounds) of choice creamery butter, worth at the time $3,000.
Wm. Beard & Son, of Decorah, Iowa, made a display as individual manu- facturers of 150 tubs (10,500 pounds), worth $3,000; and L. W. Beard, of that firm, rendered valuable assistance in getting the dairy exhibit in proper shape.
The Diamond Creamery Company, of Monticello, was represented by sev- eral tons of butter packed in hermetically sealed cans, especially for ship- ment to warm climates, and was well represented in all other classes.
The Buena Vista Creamery Company, of Storm Lake; G. B. Lawson, of Traer; J. R. Gitchell & Co., of Walker, Linn county; P. G. Henderson, of Central City; J. W. Brazelton, of Prairiesburg; J. A. Henderson, of Sar- geant's Grove; Mrs. W. A. Stephens, of Oskaloosa; I. J. Black, of Clinton; M. Gilchrist, of Center Point; Mrs. Charles Gridly, of Onslow; P. O. Biley, of Lawler; Union Creamery, of Union; Washington Childs, of Manchester; S. J. Edwards, of Manchester; and L. Pilkington, of Springdale, and the Sharon Cheese Company, of Iowa City, all furnished exhibits of more than ordinary merit and strikingly attractive. The result of this magnificent display of dairy products was that Iowa took not only the first great prize and gold medal, but also the largest number of premiums awarded any State.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 75
THE PRINCIPAL PREMIUMS. The following are the principal premiums awarded the State:
DIAMOND CREAMERY, MONTICELLO.
Best creamery butter, sweepstakes, gold medal and $50.
Best creamery butter, September or October make, 1st premium and $100.
Best tub of butter not less than 50 pounds, made any time or place, by any process, 1st premium and pro rata of premium of $1,000.
Largest and best display of butter by any manufacturer, 2d premium, $75.
Best tub of butter, not less than 50 pounds, made at any time, in States of Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Wisconsin, Michigan, Iowa, Minne- sota, Kansas, Nebraska, California, Oregon, Nevada, Colorado and the Territories, 1st premium, $75.
Best exhibit of butter packed for warm climate, 1st premium, $7i.
P. G. HENDERSON, CENTRAL CITY.
Second premium for above, $50.
NORTHEASTERN IOWA DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION.
Largest and best display of butter by any association, board of trade or produce exchange, if manufactured by members thereof, 1st premium, $800.
WM. BEARD & SON, DECORAH.
Largest and best display of butter by any individual manufacturer, 1st premium and $100.
MRS. J. A. HENDERSON, MANCHESTER.
Best dairy butter made in September or October, 1st premium and $75. Best creamery butter, November or December, 2d premium and $75.
MRS. CHARLES QRIDLEY, ONSLOW,
Best dairy butter, November or December make, 1st premium, and $75.
WATSON CHILDS, MANCHESTER.
Second premium of above, $50.
8. J. BLACK, FULTON.
Third premium of above, $25.
THE PRINCIPAL EXHIBITORS.
The following is a list of the principal exhibitors from Iowa: Diamond Creamery Company, butter, Monticello. Northwestern Iowa Dairymen's Association.
76 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
Wm. Beard & Son, butter, Decorah.
Sharon Cheese Manufactory, Iowa City.
Buena Vista Creamery Co., butter, Storm Lake.
G. B. Lawson, creamery butter, Traer.
J. B. Gitchell & Co., creamery butter, Walker.
P. G. Henderson, creamery butter, Central City.
J. W. Brazelton; dairy products, Prairieburg.
Mrs. J. A. Henderson, dairy butter, Central City.
Mrs. W. A. Stevens, Oskaloosa.
8. J. Black, Fulton.
M. Gilchrist, Center Point.
Mrs. Charles Gridley, dairy butter, Onslow.
P. O. Biley, creamery butter, Lawler.
Union Creamery Co., West Union.
Washington Childs, butter, Manchester.
L. Pilkington, creamery butter, Springdale.
S. J. Edmonds, dairy butter, Manchester.
G. W. DeLong, creamery butter, Butterville.
J. Clarke, dairy butter, Kasson.
J . B. Dunham, creamery butter, Monticello.
Mrs. M. J. Griffin, creamery butter, Iowa City.
A. F. Bingham, creamery butter, Jessup.
Clinton Creamery Co., creamery butter, Clinton,
W. C- Bundle, factory cheese, Tripoli.
In conclusion, Superintendent Huston says: "Our State secured also over one half of the minor premiums offered in this department, and the impression made by our display was so favorable that large contracts for future delivery were made by southern merchants for Iowa dairy products, thus absolutely creating a market for this great staple of Iowa production. I would say in conclusion, that owing to causes not here explainable, the premiums offered have not been paid, and, as you are aware, the expenses to the Commission, of which you are the head, of collecting and shipping this display to New Orleans, and the care of the same after reaching the Exposition, was not only a serious drain on the resources at your command, but is bearing heavily upon the few public-spirited citizens that are as yet standing in the gap between the necessary expenses incurred and an appropri- ation from the general fund of the State, for that which in its result must benefit everybody in the State, by increasing the material pros- perity of all."
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER.
THE GEOLOGICAL SECTION
was under the superintendence of Mr. S. Calvin, Professor of Natu- ral Science, Iowa State University, and constituted a most interesting and instructive feature in the display of the resources of the State. The rocky deposits of Iowa afford a means of employment to a large number of men in the various quarries. Excellent building stone can be found within easy reach over two-thirds of the area of Iowa. A complete list of the exhibit would not be possible in this connect- ion, but a fair idea of it can be obtained when it is stated that the following formations of the State were represented by numerous specimens. Prof. Calvin, in his report to the Commission, says :
PEOF. CALVIN'S REPOET.
The geological formations of Iowa include a measurably complete series, reaching from the Cambrian or Primordial to the latest Quaternary. It is true there are no Tertiary rocks within the State, but apart from that every other geological age has representative strata. Indeed, if we include the detached fragments of strata that are scattered up and down the State in the form of transported boulders, our series would reach back to pre-Cam- brian formations, and include representatives of nearly all the strata of the Archaean.
THE SIOUX QUAKTZITE.
A red, jasper-like rock, of extreme hardness, occupying a small area in the northwestern corner of the State, and known as the Sioux Quartzite, is placed by Dr. White at the base of the svstem of rocks in Iowa. Dr. White with good reason regards the Sioux Quartzite as older than the Cambrian or Primordial strata of northeastern Iowa, and so refers it to Archaean time. On the other hand, Prof. WinchelJ, of Minnesota, after extensive and careful study of the various phases assumed by the lower portions of the Primordial series, regards it as the equivalent of the Potsdam Sandstone, a formation exposed at and near Lansing, in Allamakee county, Iowa, and developed to the thickness of a thousand feet or more in the adjacent parts of Wisconsin and Minnesota. In this paper, therefore, no attempt is made to fix the precise stratigraphical relations of the Sioux Quartzite. Happily, the relations one to another of all the remaining formations of the State may be easily determined by direct observation.
So far as Iowa is concerned the Sioux Quartzite is a rock of small econom-
Yg WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
ical importance. The ledges are quarried to a limited extent for local user and quartzite boulders are scattered more or less plentifully over the coun- ties to the south and southeast for a distance of fifty or even a hundred miles.
THE POTSDAM SANDSTONE.
Lying at the very base of the system of rocks in eastern Iowa, occurs a ieries of strata somewhat variable in character, but all more or less com- pletely arenaceous, and known collectively as the Potsdam Sandstone. Lan- sing may be taken as the typical locality for this State. At this point the sandstone is exposed in the bluffs to a height of 250 to 300 feet above the level of the Mississippi river, while borings for artesian wells show that it descends below the same level to a depth of about 700 feet. A considerable proportion of the Potsdam sandstone is coarse and friable, disintegrating on •light abrasion or pressure into sharp, incoherent grains of sand. At Lan- sing, a few thin layers of finer texture, containing a small amount of cal- cium carbonate as a cementing material, retain impressions of the queer, old-fashioned trilobites that inhabited the primordial seas; but with these exceptions, the exposed strata in Iowa are destitute of signs of ancient life.
From an economical standpoint the Potsdam sandstone has little or no value. The area it occupies is very small, since it is confined to the lower portions of the river bluffs in the extreme northeastern corner of the State.
THE LOWER MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE.
This formation lies directly on the Potsdam sandstone, and caps all the bluffs in the vicinity of Lansing. It is a buff or cream -colored, heavy-bed- ded limestone, attaining a maximum thickness of 250 feet. For 01 dinary foundations and other coarse masonry it affords excellent material, while the lime produced from it is of superior quality. A short distance south and west of Lansing, the lower Magnesian limestone passes beneath.
THE ST. PETER'S SANDSTONE.
This sandstone is very loose and incoherent. Its thickness does not ex- ceed eighty feet. It is not exposed as a surface rock over any considerable area in Iowa, although it determines some of the features of the Mississippi river bluffs as far south as Specht's ferry. Two miles south of McGregor it may be seen in the face of the bluff lying between the lower Magnesian limestone at the base and the Trenton limestone near the summit. At this point it is fantastically streaked and banded with iron oxides, and is locally known as " the pictured rocks."
The Trenton limestone rests directly on the St. Peter's sandstone. In its typical layers it is a blue, sometimes varying to gray, fine grained limestone^ affording building stones that are unexcelled for durability. It constitutes a conspicuous feature of the Mississippi river bluffs from above McGregor to near Eagle Point, Dubuque, and occurs as the surface rock over all or part of the counties of Allamakee, Howard, Winneshiek, Fayette, and Clayton. The Trenton limestone is interesting to the scientist on account
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 79
of the number and beauty of the fossil remains inclosed in some of its strata. Here occur the oldest types of life that have been preserved in any degree of perfection within the limits of the State. The old Potsdam trilo- bites are few and fragmentary, and their structural characters are very ob- scure. In the Trenton we find countless multitudes of organic remains, literally crowded together, and retaining in absolute perfection every struc- tural feature even to the minutest detail. Owing to the slight southerly or southwesterly dip the strata pass successively below the level of the Missis- sippi river, and so just above Dubuque the Trenton limestone disappears from view.
The Galena limestone is a coarse, vesicular, heavy-bedded, buff-colored, Magnesiao limestone that lies directly on the Trenton. It occurs in the up- per portions of the bluffs for some distance above Dubuque, while just at Dubuque it makes up the entire bluff from base to summit. Rich deposits of lead ore— Galenite— occur in the caves and crevices of the Galena lime- stone. The Galena limestone affords excellent material for heavy masonry; and the Dubuque lime, that has long been known with so much favor throughout counties farther west, is manufactured from this formation.
The Hudson river shales of Hall, the Maquoketa shales of White, are a thin, unimportant formation of alternating dark and buff colored shales that disintegrate into clay on exposure to the weather. In West Dubuque these shales are seen resting on the Galena limestone. Of no practical im- portance in their typical locality on the Little Maquoketa river, they are yet of great interest to the geologist. The light colored layers are usually crowded full of straight chambered shells— Orthoceras — while the dark col- ored layers often contain immense numbers of obscure but interesting fos- sils known as Oraptolites. Farther south, in Jackson and Clinton counties., these shales would supply unlimited quantities of clay that might be used in the manufacture of glazed tiles and coarser pottery.
THE NIAGARA LIMESTONE.
All the formations thus far enumerated belong to the lower silurian aye. The Niagara limestone is the first, and indeed the only, representative we have in Iowa of the upper silurmn. This formation is one of great econom- ical importance. It attains an estimated thickness of 350 feet. It occupies a much larger area than all the formations previously enumerated put together. The best lime in the world is manufactured from it, and it furnishes the finest building stone to be found in all the great northwest. A large proportion of the layers are suitable only for coarse masonry, but at Anamosa, Mt. Vernon, Farley, Epworth, Hopkinton, Postville, and numerous localities where quarries have not yet been properly developed, the Niagara is uniform in texture, finely and evenly bedded, inexhaustible in quantity, and for hundreds of years will be the source whence supplies for the erection of the most elaborate structures in Iowa, and all the States adjacent will be drawn.
The Hamilton limestones and shales constitute an assemblage of strata
8() WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
that differ greatly among themselves in respect to lithological characters. They are the only representatives in Iowa of the Devonian age. Their posi- tion with us is immediately above the Niagara, while geographically they occupy an area embracing all or part of Howard, Mitchell, Chickasaw, Cerro Gordo, Floyd, Fayette, Bremer, Butler, Black Hawk, Buchanan, Linn, Benton, Johnson, Cedar, Scott, and Muscatine counties.
Near the base of the Hamilton series is a bed of carbonaceous shale, the dark color of which has led many an uninstructed quarryman into expen- sive but delusive search for coal. In its northern exposures, particularly in Floyd and Cerro Gordo counties, the series is terminated by about seventy feet of pure clay shales, and near Rockford, in Floyd county, the disinte- grated strata of this last deposit has been put to valuable use in the manu- facture of brick.
The limestone portions of the Hamilton serve an excellent purpose in supplying local demands in all the regions over which this formation is dis- tributed; but it may be said in general that both the building stone, and the lime obtained from Hamilton strata are inferior in value when compared with the splendid products of the Niagara, and it is not likely that they will ever attain commercial importance. A partial exception to the last state- ment maybe made in favor of the superior stone and lime produced from Hamilton strata at Mason City, while the North Bend quarries of Johnson county have long been noted for furnishing building stone unexcelled in du- rability and other desirable qualities.
THE SUB-CARBONIFEROUS FORMATIONS.
The Devonian formation is followed by a group of very variable strata, consisting of different grades of sandstones and limestones, with occasional flinty layers and shally partings, the whole attaining a thickness of more than 500 feet. This group constitutes the sub-carboniferous division of the carboniferous age, and is readily divisible into at least four sub-groups—the Kinderhook, Burlington, Keokuk, and St Louis— representing as many very distinct epochs in geological history. The Kinderhook is seen resting on the Hamilton in Muscatine county, and from there it extends in the river bluffs as far south as Burlington. The widely known oolitic and "Iowa marble" quarries of Marshall county belong to the Kinderhook, and to the same horizon must be referred the splendid oolites of Humboldt county. The Burlington limestones are finely developed at Burlington and in the regions adjacent. They include the limestores about Columbus Junction, in Louisa county, and are found overlying the Kinderhook as far north as Tama county. The Burlington limestones are peculiar in that they are com- posed almost wholly of the broken and comminuted remains of crinoids, while beautifully preserved specimens of these interesting, lily-like animals are the most common and characteristic fossils. The Keokuk limestones ar«> exposed near the city of Keokuk, but they are found capping the hills a few miles south and west of Burlington, and thence extend on into Mis- souri. The St. Louis limestone crops out at many places, principally in the
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. g}
valley of the Des Moines river. It lies just beneath the coal-bearing strata of the carboniferous, and is seen near Ottumwa, Oskaloosa, and Pella, while its most northern exposure, so far as I now remember, is at the mouth of Lizard creek near Fort Dodge. Each of these divisions supplies con- siderable areas with necessary materials for building.
The coal measures occupy a large area in central, southern, and south- western Iowa. They constitute one of the most important geological form- ations, their chief claim to consideration resting on the inexhaustible stores of coal that are included at different heights between the rocky layers. The coal product of Iowa will be discussed by Captain Head, so that it re- mains for me only to say that the coal measures, in common with the other geological formations, furnish in many localities most desirable stone for building purposes. Limestones prevail in the upper part of the Carbon- iferous series, and are utilized extensively in Madison, Montgomery, Tay- lor, Page, and other southwestern counties. The Upper Coal Measure lime- stone furnish beautiful series of fossils, illustrating the animal life of the Carboniferous seas, while the delicate ferns and curiously sculptured trees, whose remains occur associated with the beds of coal, throw light upon the character of terrestial vegetation during the coal period.
THE GYPSUM BEDS.
Overlying the coal in Webster county are immense beds of white and gray gypsum, that are already beginning to take rank as deposits of great com- mercial importance. These beds furnish material for the manufacture of Plaster of Paris. The rock itself, soft and easily cut into desired shapes, is used as building stone, while the Cardiff Giant is one of the well-known products of these interesting deposits.
The Cretaceous Strata of Iowa consist of unimportant sandstones along the Nishnabotna river, followed by a group of sandstones and shales which attain their best development in Woodbury and Plymouth counties. In their present situation and condition the Cretaceous deposits are but the remnants of strata that were once widely distributed in the northern and western parts of the State; the agents of erosion and denudation have done their work on all the rest.
The fossil remains in the Cretaceous strata of Iowa show that at the time the deposits were making, the willow, sassafras, and other trees of modern aspect, grew along the shores, while sharks and bony fishes, not unlike the present forms, lived in the sea.
THE QUARTENARY DEPOSITS.
Spread all over the older strata, and in large portions of the State effect- ually concealing them, are deposits of relatively recent time, to which the name Drift has been applied. The Drift embraces the surface clays, sands, gravels, etc., and to peculiarities and modifications of the Drift we are in- debted for whatever is characteristic of the soils of Iowa. From an econom- ical point of view this last deposit transcends all the rest. 11
82 WOBLD'S EXPOSITION.
The coal and building stones of Iowa are of incalculable value; but the chief source of wealth in our young State, the real springs of her marvelous development in the past, and of the progress we may reasonably expect in the future, are to be found in her exceptionally fertile soil. But here I trench on the province of the Superintendent of Agriculture. The geolo- gists, however, may be allowed to say that the soil of Iowa is nowhere wholly dependent upon the nature of the underlying rocks. Every portion of the surface deposit has been transported from a distance, sometimes from a very great distance, and every geological formation, from the oldest Archaean to the Cretaceous, has contributed something to make the soil what it is.
Streams and other agents have modified the original surface and sorted the materials of the Drift, while rank crops of vegetation from year to year have contributed organic matter. The diversified characters of our soil, as seen in the alluvial valleys, sandy loams, clay covered slopes, and gravelly hills, are the product of a multitude of forces.
THE EXHIBIT.
The Geological Exhibit, displayed in large glass case, comprised :
1st. Specimens of rock from the geological formations of the State.
2d. Very full smites of fossils, illustrating the ancient life of the State.
3d. Building stone. These were represented by cubes of various sizes and cut on the several faces so as to show different modes of dressing.
4th. Brick and brick clays.
5th. Drain tiles and the clays used in their manufacture.
6th. Pottery and potters' clays.
7th. Crystals of the ordinary rock-forming minerals, silicious and calcareous geodes, etc.
8th. Lead and zinc ores and associated minerals, from the Du- buque lead field.
So far as the several subjects here enumerated are concerned they were all represented with sufficient fullness to show very clearly the resources of the State, above described, the material being arranged with a view to illustrating its scientific as well as its economical im- portance. The larger part of the collection of Iowa fossils was furnished from the private cabinet of the Superintendent. For valu- able assistance and hearty cooperation thanks and acknowledgments are due as follows:
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER.
sa
CONTRIBUTIONS MADE.
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CONTRIBUTORS . |
RESIDENCE. |
CONTRIBUTIONS. |
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W. L. Aten |
Hamburg Humboldt |
Collection of rocks, etc., made by pupils of Hamburg High School. Specimens of rock from Kinderhook beds. Assistance in labeling collections. Rocks from Kinderhook beds. Rocks, clays, pottery Sand from St. Peter's sandstone, ar- tistically arranged in large bottles. Fossils from St. Louis limestone, col- lected by pupils of public schools of Pella. Fossils from Niagara limestone. Fossils and rock specimens from the Hamilton limestones. Niagara fossils. Fossils, building stones, lime, etc., from the N iagara limestone. Splendid specimen of native copper from the drift deposits. Niagara fossils. Niagara fossils. Building stone and fossils from the Niagara limestone, brick, clays, etc. Stone vase made from rock furnished by the Champion Quarries. Fossils and building stones from the Burlington limestones. Specimens from the St. Peter's sand- stone and Trenton limestone. Fossils, rocks, clays, bricks, etc., the fossils and rock specimens being from the St. Louis limestone and the coal measures. Aid in classification. Specimens of rocks. Ores of lead and zinc and associated minerals. Very fine specimens of lead ore (Ga- lenite). Tile and brick. Carboniferous rocks. Personal assistance in preparing col- lections for shipment. Carboniferous fossils. Carboniferous fossils. Carboniferous fossils. Fossils, rocks, and building stones. Fossils, rock and lime from Niagara* limestone. Building stone and potters' clay. Specimens of the Sioux quartzite. Devonian fossils. |
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0. H. Bissel |
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Alice B. Calvin |
Iowa City |
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L. L. Cassidy |
Dakota City . . . Des Moines . . . McGregor |
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C. H. Clarke |
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A. Clemens Prof C. C. Cory . . . |
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Pella |
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Mrs. Jas. Davidson. . D. 8. Deering J.G. Diffemderfer... Prof. C. C. Dudley. . . Col. W. S. Dungan . . Dr. A. V. Eaton. . . . |
Monticello |
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Independence . Hopkinton. ... Maquoketa Ch&riton . . . |
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Anamosa . . . |
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Dr. P. J. Farnsworth Dr. J. Gamble J. A. Green |
Clinton |
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LeClaire |
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Stone City Columbus City. McGregor |
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Samuel Helmick |
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A. F. Hofer , |
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Dr. D. A. Hoffman. . Prof. T. H. McBride. Dr. C. M.McBride... JaTP6S MftRrfdft |
Oskaloosa |
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Iowa City Rock Valley . . . Dubuque |
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T. E. Moser |
Dubuque Olin |
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Olin Tile & Brick Co. B. F. Osborne |
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Rippy |
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Dr. J. L. Pickard. . . . R. Posten |
Iowa City |
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Villisca. . |
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Mrs. "Rir.hards |
Red Oak |
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Cora Rynearson State University .... L. W. Stuart |
Red Oak |
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Iowa City Monmouth Red Oak |
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C. W. Snyder |
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J. K. P. Thompson.. Ed. F. Vincent. . |
Rock Rapids. . . Mason Citv. . |
84
WORLD'S EXPOSITION. CONTRIBUTIONS MADE— CONTINUED.
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CONTRIBUTORS. |
RESIDENCE. |
CONTRIBUTIONS. |
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Prof C. B. Van Slyke |
Dubuque |
Fossils from Trenton limestone, Ga- |
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Chas. Wachsmuth... Clement L Webster |
Burlington Rockford |
lena limestone, Maquoketa shales, stalactites from lead caves, etc. Specimens of rocks from the subcar- boniferous strata near Burlington. Devonian fossils. |
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Wilkes Williams . |
Postville |
Fine cube of building stone. |
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Supt S. Jfi Wilson |
Clarinda |
Rocks from the upper coal measures. |
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Prof. C. M. Wirick ! .' Prof. F. M. Witter . . |
Marshalltown. . Museatine |
Rocks and fossils from the Kinder- hook beds. Devonian and Carboniferous fossils. |
B. Shimek of Iowa City, and F. M. Witter of Museatine, con- tributed very fine and complete collections of the land and fresh- water shells of Iowa.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER.
THE COAL SECTION.
The importance and extent of the coal interests in Iowa led the Commission to make it a separate department, and in its charge was placed Capt. Albert Head, of Jefferson, a gentleman interested in the coal industry. Concerning the coal of Iowa, it was the intent of the gentleman to make an exhibit fully illustrative of the following para- graph from Bushnell's " Iowa's Resources and Industries."
IOWA COAL FIELDS.
No territory of equal extent in the United States contains more coal (bitu- minous though in some places cannel coal is found), suitable for all purposes, than Iowa, and this fact has done much towards promoting the development of our resources, as commerce and manufactures could not have reached their present prosperity but for the abundance of this useful mineral. The various geological surveys have made known the great extent of our coal deposits, which are most wonderful, being practically inexhaustible. The coal beds of the State are divided into three sections, known as the upper, middle and lower measures of the State, the latter producing the better quality of coal for all purposes. The veins vary in thickness from three to seven feet, although coal has been found even eleven feet thick, but this is rare. The extent of the coal-field, as far as has been ascertained, embraces an area of about 16,000 square miles, of which the most accessible portion is included in a district about fifty miles in width and one hundred and sev: enty-five miles in length, extending along both sides of the Des Moines river from Fort Dodge in Webster county through Des Moines in Polk county, to Keokuk in the southwestern part of the State. The coal is found at a depth of from one hundred and fifty to five hundred feet. The coal in- terest is assuming vast proportions, and bids fair soon to equal any of the leading industries of the State. By means of our admirable network of railroads our coal fields are easily accessible from every part of the State and in addition to the large amount required for home consumption, large shipments are made to other States, so that our coal fields are a source of great wealth in Iowa.
Superintendent Head sent an earnest appeal to each of the mines in Iowa, but owing to the lateness of the season and other causes, the responses in the shape of exhibits were very few. The specimens exhibited, however, gave a fair idea of the quality of Iowa coal. For some of the best specimens, including some excellent pieces of build- ing stone, the exhibit is indebted to Mr. C. W. Snyder, of Mont- gomery county.
•86
WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
COLORED EXHIBIT.
It was the desire of the Board of Management to have the Expo- sition in every sense a " World's," and to such end was sought the exhibits illustrating the progress in the arts and sciences made by the colored people. The entire northern gallery of the Government and State Building was devoted to this display. Iowa was most ably represented there by the fine exhibits collected and installed by Hon. Alexander Clark, the Superintendent of that department.
THB DISPLAY.
DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS.
Wax cross
Two water lilies, oil painting
Fine linen thread handkerchief,
worked by hand
Two iron horseshoes and five
wrought nails
Calico quilt
Fine thread- worked handkerchief. Coal from Davis county coal
Eleven bottles of medicine
One dozen bottles of disinfector. . .
Lambrequins
Three lambrequins
Tidy and lambrequins
Table spread and wall pocket
Tidy
Two maps of world
Calico quilt, made at the age of 80
years
Two horseshoes
"T"draintile
Two joints of tile
Tidy side-board cover
Wax flowers
Mats and embroidery work
One jar of fruit
Tidy work
Fancy tidy work
Fancy tidy work
Fine silk quilt
Lace and hair chain
Lace work . .
> ancy work
NAME OF EXHIBITOR.
P. O. ADDRESS.
Miss S. A. Bassfleld Miss Fannie Barnes . .
Mrs. Lida Haney
Mr. Joseph Carr. . Mrs. Emma Reed. Mrs Lizzie Carr . mines Alexander Clark. .
Mrs. E. Duffin, M. D
Mr. C. Taylor
Matilda Busey
Miss M. A. Ford
Miss Sarah Ford
Mrs. Virginia Walker . .
Mrs. Dora Garland
Robert Payne
Mrs. Rachel Rogers
Jefferson Maish
Mr. Guss Conley
E. E. Comley Bros
Mrs. J. T. Blagburn....
Mrs. Abby Payne
Mrs. T. E. Williamson .
Mrs. Mary Wilson
Mrs. J. H. Poindexter. .
Mrs. Bell Jimison
Miss Dora Sims
Mrs. N. R. Vanottworth Miss Minnie Greenwood Miss Ida Washington . . Miss Delia Washington.
Muscatine. Muscatine.
Muscatine.
Muscatine.
Muscatine.
Muscatine.
Muscatine.
Dubuque.
Dubuque.
Davenport.
Davenport.
Davenport.
Davenport.
Davenport.
Davenport.
Davenport. Des Moines. Des Moines. Des Moines. Des Moines. Des Moines. Des Moines. Des Moines. Des Moines. Oskaloosa. Oskaloosa. Iowa City. Cedar Rapids. Cedar Rapids. Cedar Rapids.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER
HORTICULTURAL.
In June, 1884, at the request of the Commissioner, the State Hor- ticultural Society designated Col. G. B. Brackett, of Denmark, to make a horticultural display at the Exposition. Mr. Henry Strohm, of Iowa City, the Treasurer of the Society, was appointed an alternate. Col. Brackett' s experience at Philadelphia, where he secured the gold medal for Iowa apples, was ample guarantee that he would fill his new position successfully.
AID FBOM HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The Society also very generously appropriated six hundred dollars to enable Col. Brackett to make the desired display, with the under- standing that the Iowa Commission contemplated, and soon after- ward formed, should lend all possible aid. The Commission provided the expense of gathering the exhibit, amounting to $198.61 ($42 of the amount yet unpaid) and the transportation of the display to New Orleans, but at a meeting of the officers of the Horticultural Society and the Commission in New Orleans, it was agreed that the Society, through Col. Brackett, should install and maintain the exhibit in Horticultural Hall out of the $600 they had appropriated, and be entitled to the money received for premiums. The maintenance of the fine display of apples on the State space was to be looked after by Col. Brackett. This was a satisfactory settlement of the matter to all parties, the beautiful and complete showing made by the super- intendent on the State space, especially of his wax fruit, fully com- pensating the Commission for what money it had expended.
Superintendent Brackett was most ably assisted in the difficult work of preparing the exhibit by Mr. E. H. Calkins, of Burlington.
PREMIUMS SECURED.
(For Northern District of the United States.)
Largest and best collection of apples not exceeding 200 varieties, awarded
to IOWA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, gold medal and — $ 200.00
Best 50 varieties, silver medal and. . 75.00
88 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
Best 25 varieties, silver medal and $ 50.00
A. J. Haviland, Ft. Dodge.
Best plate American Golden 5.00
J. B. P. Day, Castoria.
Best plate Jonathan 5.00
Mrs. M. A. McGee, Council Bluffs.
Best plate White Winter Pearmain 6.00
B. G. Moon, Bedford.
Best plate Ortley , 5.00
Mrs. C. C. Sabin, State Center.
Best plate Jeannet 5.00
H. C. Raymond, Council Bluffs.
Best plate Peck's Pleasant 5.00
Charles Chickering, Red Oak.
Best plate Roman Beauty 5.00
T. E. Ellitt, Red Oak.
Best plate Wagoner 5.00
George Turner, Clarinda.
Best plate Str. Pippin 6.00
Best plate Roman Stem 6.00
Samuel Row, Oskaloosa.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 39
SANITARY SECTION.
The State Board of Health was represented by an exhibit, occupy- ing a wall space of 12x23 feet, on which was displayed an elegantly executed and costly chart on glass, showing the mortality rate of the State for the year 1882; also six large painted diagrams showing the mortality rate from various diseases, and comparative rates in a novel and comprehensive form by curves. There was also printed for general distribution a pamplet showing the work of the board from its creation, and the result, together with a brief statement of the topographical conformation of the State, its natural drainage and conditions favorable to health or disease. Unfortunately the entire edition was in the car which was wrecked, and very few copies were saved. This exhibit . was under the care of L. F. Andrews, acting secretary of the board, and one of the commissioners, by whom it was designed and prepared, and attracted much attention from those interested in sanitary and hygienic matters. It was the. only one of the kind at the Exposition.
MILLING SECTION.
The success achieved for Iowa at the Millers' National Association Exposition, at Cincinnati, in May and June of 1880, by Hon. J. J. Snouffer, marked him as the most desirable man to put at the head of this section of the Iowa display at the New Orleans Exposition. At Cincinnati Mr. Snouffer presented one hundred and seventy-five different brands of flour, and one hundred and eighty-five varieties of grain and seed, and upon this great display the State of Iowa was awarded the gold medal and first premium. During the five years that had elapsed since this triumph of the State in one of her large 12
9Q WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
departments of industry, the benefits of holding the high position among the States were shown in the increase of the number of mill- ing establishments in the State and of capital invested therein. The Iowa millers were urged to make still better flour, the local demand for their goods was increased, and large sums of money previously sent out of the State for flour were kept at home.
Superintendent Snouffer, who is active in the Millers' Association of Iowa, early enlisted the interest and co-operation of his brother millers, and f succeeded in securing exhibits of flour from ninety-one counties of the State, representing two hundred and eighty mills and three hundred and twenty-one brands. Part of this large display was destroyed in the wreck, but Mr. Snouffer succeeded in getting the greater part of it in place. Upon a double rack forty feet long and twelve feet high, this display was most artistically arranged. Part of the exhibit was from the Muscatine Oat Meal Works, whose show cases and goods were by far the finest display of the kind on the grounds. No flour exhibit in the Exposition attracted the atten- tion and praise bestowed upon that from Iowa.
RAILROAD SECTION.
Hon. E. G. Morgan, superintendent of this department, contrib- uted the proceedings of the Railroad Commission of Iowa, maps, charts and various interesting documents. The railroad companies operating lines in Iowa furnished a large amount of printed matter maps, etc., that were displayed to advantage.
The Passenger Agent of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railroad supplied several thousand copies of a handsome book on the lakes and lands of northern Iowa; especially Spirit Lake, and the country through which this road runs. This railway rendered most valuable and generous aid to the Commission, and in this respect is deserving of special mention.
The other roads in the State were also liberal in their treatment of the Commission, and helped to make this section attractive.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 91
FISH SECTION.
It was intended to include in the Iowa display an exhibit of the fish interests of the State, but Commissioner Aldrich, of Anamosa, and Superintendent Mosher, of the Spirit Lake hatching-house, upon investigating the matter, decided that such a display was not practi- cable in view of the limited funds at their command.
LIVE STOCK.
The liberal premium offered by the Exposition for live stock en- couraged the many breeders of fine animals in Iowa to early consider the matter of making a display. Col. John Scott, of Story county, was placed in charge of this section of the exhibit, and soon opened communication with live stock raisers in all parts of the State, and with good results. As the time for shipping approached, well- founded reports gained currency as to the danger of taking horses, cattle, etc., so far south, and the exhibit contemplated, upon confer- ence, was abandoned. Col. Scott, however, issued an interesting cir- cular, giving a review of the live stock industry of Iowa.
The State was not without a representation in this department, as J. Murray Hoag, of Maquoketa, made an exhibit of Shetland ponies, and C. N. Holmes & Co., of Grinnell, of swine.
92 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
PRIVATE EXHIBITS.
CLUTE & SMITH.
The exhibit of L. G. Clute, of Manchester, and E. H. Smith, of Dubuque, two well known Iowa agricultural exhibitors, was certainly the largest and finest of the kind entered for competition in the main building, and their display was accorded a large number of first premiums that still further add to the credit of Iowa. Of their many premiums are the following :
Best bushel of barley, of any class, first premium $ 5.00
Best bushel red winter wheat, first premium 5.00
Best bushel spring wheat, first premium 5.00
Best bushel winter rye, first premium 5.00
Best bushel white spring rye, first premium 5.00
Best bushel black spring rye, first premium &.00
Best bushel black winter oats, first premium 5.00
Best bushel oats, any kind, first premium 5.00
Best bushel corn, first premium 5.00
Best collection of potatoes (Kidney formed) Western States
or Territories, first premium 10.00
Best bushel of potatoes, round formed, first premium 10.00
Best bushel potatoes, first premium 10.00
Best radishes, first premium 3.00
Best squashes, first premium 4 . . 3.00
Best turnips, first premium 3.00
Best bushel of timothy, first premium 10.00
Best bushel of blue grass, first premium 5.00
Best bushed of clover, first premium 5.00
Best collection of garden culture, first premium 60.00
Best exhibition of vegetables, first premium 5.00
Best bushel red top, first premium 10.00
Best bushel orchard grass 10.00
Mr. Clute was also assistant superintendent in the agricultural section of the State exhibits, where his knowledge of the work was early manifested.
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 93
REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS.
In addition to the display, from Iowa, which afforded a splendid opportunity for strangers to examine the products and resources of the State, there was distributed many copies of the reports of the several departments of the State in Iowa and other literature bearing upon the State. The State Board of Health, through its secretary, L. F. Andrews, issued a valuable pamplet, and Superintendent Akers, and other members of the Commission prepared circulars upon their departments that were widely read.
A valuable and handsome publication entitled the " Resources and Products of Iowa," was issued by Mr. J. F. Bushnell, secretary of the Des Moines Board of Trade, and proved a valuable advertisement for the State. The copies sent . to the Commission at New Orleans were carefully distributed.
94 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
IOWA DAY.
STATE CELEBRATIONS.
A very prominent feature of the Exposition was the observance of certain days specially designated for the purpose of recognizing the resources of each State and Territory, by the formal presentation of their displays to the official attention of the general management. Each " State Day " was selected by the United States Commissioner for his State, after due consultation with his governor and brother commissioners, and was made the occasion on which might be favor- ably presented to the public the peculiar advantages enjoyed by his State in the acquirement of desirable conditions of life. A special order of exercises was observed on these particular days; the cere- monies, consisting of addresses setting forth the resources and ma- terial prosperity of the State, made by the United States Commis- sioner and distinguished citizens, and the official acceptation on the part of the Exposition Management of the State Exhibit as a part of the general display. The exercises were either held in the vast Music Hall, or, as the weather grew warmer, beneath the branches of the magnificent grove of live oaks close to the Main Building. The ad- dresses were interspersed with music, and at their close some small article, appropriately marked, was distributed among the visitors as a souvenir of the occasion. Special invitations were extended to the official staff of the Exposition, the United States and State Commis- sioners, the Representatives of the United States, and foreign gov- ernments, and to distinguished individuals. In many instances a light reception was prepared for the invited guests.
IOWA DAY.
The presence in New Orleans of several hundred visiting lowans, and at Mobile, Alabama, of a large contingent of the Iowa National Guard, whither they had gone to participate in the international mil- itary drills, determined^the selection of May 13, 1885, as "Iowa Day," ana the following programme of exercises was accordingly arranged:
EEPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 95
PROGRAMME.
9:30 A. M. — Great Iowa Band, military companies, citizens and visitors meet on Canal street and proceeded under command of Gen. Bentley,by boat to Exposition.
11 A. M. — Arriving at Exposition wharf, procession marches through main building to Iowa headquarters in government building.
11:30 A. M. — United States Commissioners and assistants, and visitors gen- erally, under command of Major F. M. Clarke, form in body and join the main procession, which will move to the live oaks.
UNDER THE OAKS— 12:30 P. M.
Music— Iowa University Band.
Address— Herbert S. Fairall, U. S. Commissioner.
Oration for the State— Hon. Fred. Lehman, Des Moines.
Music— Dubuque Drum Corps.
Introduction of a young Iowa lady— Col. T. M. Owen, of Gov. Sherman's staff.
Presentation by the Iowa lady to a Louisiana lady of a floral tribute.
Music— Eldora Band.
Response and address— Director-general E. A. Burke.
Music— Decorah Drum Corps.
Address — Major F. Clarke.
Poem— H. S. Kneedler, Cedar Rapids.
Music— Osage Band.
Short speeches by U. S. Commissioners Mead. Holton, Sebring, Allen, Commissioner-general Speed and others.
Music— Consolidated Iowa Rand, led by Capt. McCosh.
At 9 o'clock in the morning the lowans formed on Canal street, near Clay monument, and marched to the Clinton through a crowd of several thousand people. Commissioner Fairall and Assistant Com- missioner Chase, with Commissioner Pickering, of Connecticut, headed the procession, and were followed by Col. M. T. Owen, Capt. E. Cameron, Col. J. B. Wilson, of Governor Sherman's staff, and by Lieut. C. D. Ham, Capt. Libby, Major B. F. Kiernoff, Lieut. J. S. Clark, Major J. R. Prime, Lieut. Sweney, of Gen. Bentley's staff, and Capt. E. E. Brainerd, of the Iowa City militia — all lowans. Then came the prince of band leaders, Capt McCosb, with his able assist- ants, heading the great consolidated Iowa band, with music that was pronounced on every hand, especially by the leader of the Mexican band, the finest ever heard in New Orleans from an American band. The effect of the procession was magnificent, and New Orleans peo- ple declared that no State day had furnished such a grand spectacle.
9$ WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
The ride to the Exposition was made delightful with music and con- versation. At the wharf the party was met by a party of Exposition officials, and proceeded to the south entrance of the main building. The wonderful strains of the great band drew the people on the grounds to the procession, and the aisles of the monster building were crowded. At Acting Director- General Buck's office a halt was made, the band played " Dixie," and joined by Capt. Buck the procession moved on through the building over to and through the government building, halting in the aisle near the Iowa headquarters that were a bower of flags and flowers. The band broke ranks and the boys filed into the headquarters, where they were given some delicious lemon- ade, greatly appreciated after their long march.
The United States Commissioners in a body were waiting near by, and tneir appearance in so large a number was an incident that made a deep impression upon, their brother Iowa Commissioner.
After a few moments of conversation in the Iowa exhibit the pro- cession formed again, and under the marshalship of Major F. M. Clarke, started for the meeting-place. At the head marched the Iowa Commission, the great band followed, and in its rear marched the United States Commissioners. Down the long straight walk between the two buildings the procession marched with martial tread. On entering the main building the mammoth band burst into harmonious notes. The sound reverberated in the vaulted arches of the great edifice, and the population with one accord deserted their stands to line the aisle down which the cortege passed.
Emerging from the building, the whole procession marched to the auditorium beneath the green canopy of the live oaks. Here the Commissioners and other distinguished guests ascended the platform, while the remainder of the people filled the seats about.
The audience being fairly settled, there was great disappointment over the fact that the orator for the State of Iowa, Hon. Fred Leh- man, had found it impossible to be present, a telegram explaining his unavoidable absence being received and read.
Commissioner Fairall, in place of Mr. Lehman, then delivered the address for Iowa as follows:
FELLOW CITIZENS OF IOWA, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:— A golden- haired daughter named Iowa has left her home or that rich sward ot prairie that is held in the embrace of the two great rivers of the continent and journeyed down the mighty Mississippi to join in the international festival that is given in honor of her regal mother, Louisiana. Beautiful is this
REPORT OF COMMISSIONER. 97
Iowa! She has come with music and festivity, arrayed in the glory and wealth of her fields, her factories and her mines, wearing in her crown the jewels of education, bearing in one hand evidences of what she has accomplished since she left the old homestead, and in the other a token of love for the parent from which she sprang. Happy, indeed, is Iowa! She meets her lovely sisters and her older and comely cousins of America, and other more distant relatives, under these sunny skies, in this great Exposi- tion, greets them most heartily and rejoices with them at the honors that have been showered upon her mother State, and especially congratulates them upon their prosperity and for the part that they have so successfully taken in making this World's Fair the grandest that earth has ever wit- nessed. Grateful is Iowa! To her mother, Louisiana, she returns thanks for the Hawkeye farm so generously set aside for her, a broad and billowy track of land, fenced on the east by the Mississippi, on the west by the Mis- souri, with fair Minnesota on the north and thriving Missouri on the south, containing 55,000 square miles, or nearly 36,000,000 acres of rich prairie, well watered with lakes, and well timbered with groves, and underlined with in- exhaustible mines of coal, lead, marble and rock. To her cousins, and to the great world besides, luwa is thankful for the assistance that has been rendered her in peopling, improving and in making the Hawkeye State a vertable garden spot. Proud is Iowa! Standing forth before this great assemblage of States and nations, she fears no charge of boasting when, in following the custom of other States, she tells of her progress and possessions. Had not unavoidable circumstances intervened, she would have been represented here to-day by her Governor, a Sherman, and the story of her greatness would have been told in the eloquence of a Lehman, one of her most gifted orators Pained as we are at the absence of these worthy representatives, it is a source of great gratification that among the large number of lowans now before us, there are those who can speak in fitting terms of their prairie home, and other friends who will delight in talking for Iowa. Especially will fair Iowa have worthy champions in the presence of a large number of the young men of the State, who are before us to-day, and whose fine bearing, martial step and delightful music have made their trip from the prairies to the plantations a continuous ovation, and whose love of Iowa and industry in her behalf insure her even a more wonderful growth for the next half century than she has enjoyed in the less than fifty years since she became a State. And what a wonderful past that has been! Accustomed, my friends, to hearing the strange stories of what has really taken place in the States and Territories that make up this great Union, it would seem to you that the boundaries of possibili- ties in this direction had indeed been reached, but we must ask you to briefly traverse the fairy land of Iowa and see if you are not only enter- tained and surprised, but if your love for, and confidence in, the greatness of this new State and of our common country is not increased. Here, under these moss-hanging oaks that typfy the tropical splendors of the South, under the flag that floats over a united Union, what more appropriate time and place could be designed for a greeting from Iowa to Louisiana! And 13
98 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
in its course what will please the old mother territory more than the recita- tion of the carreer of her daughter, Iowa, and a description of her wonder- ful and happy home? The history of Louisiana is a volume filled with the romance of early settlement; the poetry of commingled nations, the stern facts of civilization and the final triumphs of peace. We had all read it until we had dreamed of this land of oranges, cane and cotton, and had walked in imagination over this historic ground.
But when Louisiana's beautiful and quaint city was made the center of the world by this Exposition we were enabled to leave our Iowa homes and come in person to the Crescent City. We found that pen and brush had never done their duty in depicting the city and State in their real greatness and grandeur. We have stepped from our cold hills and vales into a realm of beauty and into the homes and hearts of a most hospitable people. And in our coming we have helped, thank God, to show the whole world that along the great rivers, along the paths of iron, along the mountain high- ways and in every field and forest between the north and the south the evidences of sectional feeling have been obliterated.
Iowa then comes to Louisiana with a smile on her face and a heart over- flowing with joy. She remembers that on a recent occasion, when Louisi- ana's greatest day was celebrated in these grounds how royally was the reception to the daughter States.
Hence this greeting to-day, and to it we add that Louisiana must some day come to Iowa's home. The entire house will be thrown open, and the farm placed at your disposal. Iowa has not long been engaged in convert- ing her raw lands into the present high state of cultivation, but she has ac- complished wonders. Her residence is large and cosy, and shelters a family of nearly 2,000,000 people. Here is the kingdom where women so ably rule. The rooms are well ventilated and healthy, and nearly every one has a carpet on the floor. The walls and ceilings are decorated, and have paint- ings and pictures and maps on every hand. There is a library in every room, over 600 Iowa newspapers to read, and last, but not least, a Bible on every center table. The parlors can show as fine furniture as can be found in the world. The sitting rooms have their organs, pianos and sewing ma- chines, and the rockers of the soothing cradle keep time with the general hum of activity about the place. The dining-rooms and kitchen! ah! there you will oe at home, and never fear that the supply of good things will be exhausted. That is impossible, when you come out into the yard and look around the garden and barns and out over the farm. The cellar is full to overflowing, and the cribs and granaries are fairly bursting. Looking down the broad lanes that are shaded by 10,000,000 trees, set out by Iowa on her almost naked prairies, you will see the great corn fields, containing 7, 210,000 acres, where we raised 325,000,000 bushels of corn in 1884, more than was raised in any State in the Union. You will see the yellow field of more than two and a half millions acres of wheat, where the farmer last year rode on the harvester and cut 35,000,000 bushels. The oat patch has 2,084,378 acres, and last year its yield was 64,553,718 bushels. The meadows have a strip of blue grass that covers 3,5<i9,000 acres more than Indiana and Kentucky to-
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gether can boast of, although I should say for the benefit of my friends, the Commissioners from those States, who are good naturedly quarreling over the blue grass question, that Iowa blue grass is somewhat mixed with a splendid variety of timothy, for besides pasturing our horses and cattle, we get 1,800,000 bushels of timothy seed from the meadows, in order to let our enterprising friends in Minnesota, Dakota, Kansas and other States have seed with which to start farming. Then there are other fields in viewr where we raised last year 737,580 bushels of rye, barley, buckwheat, flax, Irish and sweet potatoes, and 31 ,350 gallons of sorghum or amber cane sirup. When Iowa came to reckon her crop last fall, before setting out for the Ex- position, where it was supposed she would need a little spending money, she found that she had raised enough of the grains and produce above enume- rated to bring her in $126,634,926. Next we might take you into the orchard, where there are 4,000,000 bearing apple trees and 6,000,000 pear, cherry and other trees, with acre after acre of grapes and small fruit. It will be remem- bered that in 1876, at the Centennial Exposition, Iowa's apples took the first premium and the gold medal, and in yonder Horticultural Hall, Col. Gr. B. Brackett the able and celebrated lowan who, as one oi my assistants, has rendered his State such valuable services, repeated his Philadelphia triumph by sweeping the first premiums and honors for Iowa's apples.
But let us pass through the beautiful flower gardens of Iowa's farm, where woman's skill is again shown, and take a look at the stock. What big red barns we see! models of comfort and convenience. They shelter 790,000 horses, 2,800,000 cattle, 450,000 sheep, and hold 3,500,000 tons of hay. In the stys are 5,000,000 swine, while on the roosts are 5,800,000 chickens, whose male guardians are not only still crowing over Iowa, as Gen. Carnahan's roosters crow for Indiana, but whose industrious little wives helped on the good cause by laying on last year 32,000,000 dozens of eggs.
Another institution in the yard near the spring, we will show you, Mother Louisiana, if you will but come up and see us, and bring all your friends along. It is an object peculiar to Iowa, but now getting frequent, even our Minnesota friends and neighbors having taken a fancy to it, so much so in- deed that she has come over into our Iowa's farms and taken away one of the leading architects of the building. It is a creamery — not a creamatory, au one of my Arizona friends called it. We have in Iowa's farm 650 of these creameries, more than any other State in the Republic. Of our 2,800,- 000 cattle, 1,200,000 are cows, that is nearly a good milch cow for every man, woman and child on the farm. In 1884 we made 60,000,000 pounds of butter and 1,000,000 pounds of cheese, and sold it for $7,680,000. A large amount of the butter has come and is still coming to New Orleans, Iowa having within several years gained almost the entire butter trade of this part of the South, and by consuming so much of Hawkeye butter all fevers and ail- ments have been driven from here, and the health of the people and the beauty of the ladies especially greatly improved. The good people here have at last found out which side their bread is buttered on, and I don't blame them for spreading it on thick.
At the Philadelphia Exposition Iowa showed a fine lot of her butter, and
100 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
the world was surprised and pleased with it. The Exposition gave it the first premium and gold medal for it, and Iowa's butter became famous. It had always been a drug in the State at eight and ten cents per pound, but the price at once jumped up to fifteen and twenty at home, and from twenty-five to forty and fifty cents per pound out of the State, where it had never before gone. In all succeeding great Expositions it has since then carried away first honors, and at this World's Fair, through the efforts of our very efficient Superintendent Huston, we are triumphant again, secur- ing the greatest number, twenty-two first prizes and a gold medal.
I have mentioned the cattle on Iowa's farm. In number, of all States Texas alone exceeds us. In quality and value Iowa stands first. The same is true of horses, while in swine we are first in every respect, and in respect to the yield of all kinds of grain per capita Iowa stands pre-eminently ahead. When this Exposition re-opens next fall, as I trust it will, the en- ergetic superintendent of our Iowa Live Stock Department will bring here, 1 hope, a sprinkling of Iowa stock.
On Iowa's big farm we can show you over 5,000 churches, and her Super- intendent of Public Instruction, who is our Superintendent Akers, points you to 13,624 school houses on the hill tops, and a grand total of 18,624 pub- lic schools, with 22,516 teachers, and a school fund of $5,000,000, and school property worth over $10,000,000. The value of the entire farm, as estimated in 1883, was $463,824,466. A magnificent new edifice for law-making pur- poses sits in the center of Iowa's domain, built at a cost of $3,000,000. Then there are scattered all over the place a wonderful total of 6,921 estab- lishments where the manufacturing for the Iowa family and for all parts of the world is done. There are $34,000,000 of capital invested in them, oO,000 men, women and children work in them, $ 10,000 ,uOO of wages are annually paid in them, and $72,000,000 of products come from them. Samples of Iowa manufactured goods in her exhibit in the Exposition astonish the world, that thought we only raised corn and cattle, and that are surprised to know that of all States west of the Mississippi, Iowa, in manufacturing, is next to first. Our chief of the Department of Manufactures, and his as- sistants have well illustrated the fact, while the superintendent of flour has a wonderful and beautiful showing of the products of Iowa's several hundred mills.
Yes, you must come and visit your young daughter, Mother Louisiana, and over the great trunk lines of railway that make a net-work of Iowa's farm, showing more miles of rail to the square mile of land than is shown by any Western State, you can see the fields where our industrious Super- intendent of Agriculture and his aids gathered the beautiful collection of grains he now has on exhibition here, and also the large and handsome col- lection that was destroyed in a cruel railroad wreck, while en route for this city. In your visit you will be surprised at the thrift of the people, and especially of the working-classes There is no State debt. Commis&ioner Hutchins, of the Bureau of Labor, tells us the workmen of this great farm are paid more on an average than workmen of other States, and the per- centage of them owning their part of the big Iowa home is far ahead of
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what any State can show. While the parents are at work the children are at school, and so industrious that Iowa stands first of all the States in pro- portion to persons over ten years of age able to read, and first as to persons between fifteen and twenty able to write. In the great Iowa University we are doing a grand work in educating lawyers, physicians, dentists, pharma- cists, scientists, engineers, teachers and editors, and there are twenty-eight other institutions of advanced education. Iowa's well-known scientist and weather observer, Dr. Hinrichs, tells us that the climate of Iowa " de- velops a rich vegetation, ripens abundant harvests, and so favorable to the growth of a strong, sinewy and active race."
Her secretary of the Board of Health, our Superintendent, L. F. Andrews^ shows us in his valuable statistical chart in the Iowa exhibit that there is no healthier spot on earth. In Iowa you can find such rare geological spec- imens as Superintendent Calvin nhows in his incomparable 'exhibit in or. r space, and you can also visit our 16,000 square miles of-ebalSolds. In Our lakes and rivers Superintendents Aldrich and Moaner will surprise yomvith our fish, and there is yet ample game for your nimrofts'. "' '-
Come, then, Louisiana and all the world. Come to Iowa, and especially bring your ladies with you. There you will be greeted by the noble lady who now represents the women of Iowa, and thousands like her. The beautiful collections of women's work she has here on display indicates what our women are doing. Come in response to the ten thousand of our people who have visited this exposition, the crowning glory of the South. Your visit will help us, as ours has aided you. After mutual visits, the daughter, Iowa, and the mother, Louisiana, with the other States, can more easiJy continue the great work before us of extending the trade of the United States into the countries south, east, and west of us, so that the time will speedily come when the entire American continent can join in another great World's Exposition, where the products of American industry and genius, in magnitude and splendor, will be our grandest tribute to a new century.
At the close of Commissioner FairalPs remarks the drum and fife corps played a pretty selection, after which the Commissioner intro- duced
COL. M. T. OWEN,
ot the staff of Gov. Sherman, of Iowa, who also sent his regrets at not being able to be present, pressing official work detaining him. Col. Owen spoke as follows:
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN — We of Iowa very much regret that uncon- trollable circumstances . have prevented Governor Sherman from being present with us upon this eventful occasion, but I assure you that he deeply regrets it also, and that h« has the kindliest respect and regard for the people of the South in general, and of Louisiana in particular. We are-
102 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
glad of this opportunity to meet you at home in the sunny South, under the live oaks, in the land of sugar cane and cotton, in this beautiful land of more beautiful flowers and most beautiful women. We are gratified to see the good feeling existing and growing among the people of the North and South, and that the bitterness engendered by the conflict of twenty years Ago is rapidly passing away into the oblivion where it belongs. The people of all sections are becoming united in fact as well as in name, which is " a consummation devoutly to be wished."
This is our common country. We should be Americans first as against all the rest of the world, and the era of good feeling has so far advanced that if occasion require the people of the North and South would march shoulder to shoulder under the stars and stripes to the music of the Union and to victory. Twenty years ago men from Iowa were down here trying to t get into eoiap of, jjoiirs cities; now we are down here, and are treated with , such kindiiefesL aid Consideration that we have the greatest of difficulty in -getting. ou4xcf them. The change is delightful. lam not here to make a ;sf»eo(Jh'.. 1'ime. is tbo .valuable, and we desire to devote what little time we have here to viewing your great and grand Exposition, and becoming ac- quainted with your chivalrous, generous and hospital people.
But we have not forgotten that Iowa was a part of the great territory of Louisiana, purchased by Thomas Jefferson from Mr. Bonaparte, and conse- quently she is the daughter of Louisiana. To-day we have Iowa repre- sented by a charming and typical young Hawkeye, Miss Mary A. Scott, and Louisiana by an estimable and well-known lady of this city, Mrs. E. A. Burke; and I now have the pleasure of presenting Iowa to Louisiana, and I assure you that the daughter is worthy of the mother in every particular.
THE DAUGHTER'S TRIBUTE.
At the conclusion of Colonel Owen's address, Miss Mary Avis Scott, of Nevada, Iowa, daughter of ex-Lieutenant Governor John Scott, advanced to the front, bearing a magnificent basket of choice flowers, which she presented to Mrs. E. A. Burke. Miss Scott said:
I r
As a daughter of Iowa, and in behalf of the Hawkeye State— itself one of the daughters of Louisiana— permit me, Madam, to offer you this slight expression of our love; and to voice the hope that the sentiments uttered to-day may never perish. Take these flowers, Madam; though they may fade, yet will their perfume remain, and so, though our words of to-day pass into the silence of to-morrow, may their memories ever linger with fragrance in your heart.
The incident was a most happy one, and, coupled with the grace of the fair donor, lent an inspiration to the occasion that will be long remembered by those present.
After this pleasant little manifestation of filial feeling on the part of Iowa, the Commissioner introduced
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MAJOR P. M. CLARKE, OP IOWA,
103
Superintendent of the Postoffice Department Exhibit, who delivered the following oration :
I am aware that it is customary for the orator to allude to some maxim or practice of the ancients, as a sort of prefatory apology for his talk. On this occasion I depart from such custom, for it seems to me that when a son of Iowa raises to speak of his State he needs make no apology for so doing. Timidity should vanish, and his heart be strengthened and made brave by the presence of honest pride in the realization of the distinguished honor conferred by the opportunity of telling the glories of the great Hawkeye State.
The territory embraced within the limits of the State of Iowa was a part of the vast empire sold by France to the United State in 1803, and by virtue of an act of Congress approved, June 12, 1838, the Territory of Iowa was con- stituted. The first Europeans who trod the soil of Iowa were two French Jesuits, of Canada— Janes Marquette and Louis Joliet. The broad, luxuri- ant prairies of the fair land lying between the two mighty rivers of the con- tinent had won from the hearts of its aboriginal proprietors the name it now bears: Iowa— lk The Beautiful Land." On the 25th of June, 1673, Mar- quette and his brave comrade landed on the grassy slope of the Iowa bank of the Mississippi, near the mouth of the Des Moines river, and after a six days' stay with the Indians of the Illinois nation received from them the calumet, the emblem of peace, and a safeguard among the nations. The first settlement of whites in Iowa was made by Julien Dubuque in 1788, where the magnificent city of Dubuque now stands.
Situated near the geographical center of the United States, between the two great rivers, and on the line of the great transcontinental railways, she has a future in the development of her resources which it does not require the prophetic vision to see, among the greatest States of our Union, which nature, assisted by the thrift, energy, and enterprise of her citizens, has so abundantly fitted her to occupy. She has already advanced to a position which is a matter of pride and satisfaction to her people, and yet her won- derful agricultural resources, her inexhaustible coal mines, industrial pro- gress, transportation facilities, commercial and manufacturing, and many other interests have not been fully understood.
The work of the pioneer has already been accomplished in most parts of the State. Railroads, public buildings, churches, school-houses are all pro- vided. Citizens of Iowa enjoy all the comforts, conveniences, and advan- tages possible in the older States, and to- day Iowa offers proportionately greater inducements to capital, labor, and enterprise. Within her inex- haustible] coal mines lies hidden incalculable wealth. Her unused water power forms natural mill sites in almost every county of the State. We have no need^of the sign,^" Irrigation did it," for neither irrigation (nor ir- ritation) has any dwelling place in her broad domain. Iowa, for agricultu-
104
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ral and manufacturing resources has no superior among all the States, while her channels of trade radiate in all directions.
Thirty-nine years have passed since Iowa became one of the States of the Union, hardly a half century measured by the swift wings of time since sav- age men and savage beasts contended for the supremacy in this fair domain. Both have retreated before the advance of the white man, and to-day civili- zation has stamped its divine impress upon the rolling prairies of the State. The \Nhite school-houses dot the beautiful landscape like star-eyed daisies upon an English meadow. There is a desk and a book, and a teacher lor every child! The name " Iowa " is a synonym, not only for " the beautiful land," but also for prosperity and happiness. Her history is that of one uninterrupted march of progress in the paths of peace, and she has arisen from the condition of a Territory to one of the principal States of the lie- public in population, wealth, intelligence, and moral greatness. She is the twenty-ninth in the order of admission into the Union; in number of square miles she is fourteenth; in population the tenth, while in acres of tillable land her place is first. Think of that, ye seekers after homes! She leads every other State in the amount of corn raised, and is second in the number of hogs raised, second in cattle, second in wheat, fourth in extent of coal area, and fifth in the number of newspapers. In religious, educational and benevolent institutions, she stands among the foremost. In point of intel- ligence she is first, having a less percentage of illiteracy in comparison with her population than any other State.
Fifty years ago there were no roads but Indian trails across the prairies. In 1861 there were but seven hundred miles of railroad in the State; now there are upward of eight thousand miles, and the pathway of the iron horse crosses the magnificent expanse of fertile soil in every direction.
The value of property in the State is estimated at $1,500,000,000. Such wonderful figures are eloquent in the attestation of marvelous progress in the short space of fifty years, and yet this vast wealth is so generally diffused among the people that but few are possessed of immense fortunes, and hardly a home the abode of poverty or want. But richer than all this, rich in those things which are true wealth — not measured by the dollar mark- is my noble State.
Material wealth alone does not constitute the true greatness and grandeur of a State, nor does it consist of fertile fields with abundant harvests, or surplus of manufactured products, but in the institutions which she founds and fosters, in the moral and intellectual training of her sons and daughters, in the manhood and womanhood of her children I All honor to the grand commonwealth, the State of Iowa, your State, my State, whose record is so clear, whose promise of the future is so fair!
I am fully aware, Mr. Commissioner, and ladies and gentlemen, that my office to-day was for the purpose of entertaining you. This large- assem- blage did not gather beneath these noble oaks for the purpose pf listening to a dry monody upon statistical figures, and if in the presentation of facts I have intruded too many of the arithmetical equivalents of expression, you must please remember that, in order to be complimentary to those of our
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brethren who have the misfortune to live outside our borders. I have been compelled to call in the aid of such expressions. But, sir, I could well have left them out had my voice been falling upon the ears of those alone who have been present during the existence of this great Exposition, for to such I would say: Look at the magnificent displays exhibited in the Government and Main buildings; examine the lists of premiums awarded to Iowa pro- ducts, and then form your own conclusions as to the greatness of the State; and, while you do so, please remember also that these exhibits are not the cream of the harvests — they are the skimmed milk. When after some little care and labor, specimens of the agricultural products of the State were selected for display at this Exposition, and when such collection had been started upon its way toward the Crescent City and the farmer and producer at home had rested from his labor of preparation for the enterprise, a disas- trous railroad accident occurred by which these proudly selected specimens of Iowa's high ability were totaLy wrecked and spoiled. Remember that the display now on exhibition is one that was hastily gathered together at the very opening of the Exposition and after the best of harvests had been otherwise disposed of, and then, my friends, do not forget that, with only this showing, our State stands second to none.
The display of my State is one that must cause the heart of every son and daughter of Iowa to swell with honest pride. It forms a great and glorious factor in teaching the divine object of the Exposition. It is a factor which we are proud to contribute, for it is a privilege honoring both the State and the individual to be able to take a part, to lend a helping hand to so great, so successful an enterprise.
To you, Mr. Director General, I say, " Well done, thou good and faithful servant;" your faithful labors are appreciated by the people of Iowa.
I cannot close, Mr. Commissioner, without one word for the women of Iowa The space occupied by the display of her handiwork is not a large one, and yet, in all this grand aggregation, in doors and out, whether we tread the broad aisles of the Main building amid the magnificent displays of manufactured goods, or walk beside the thousands of busy machines that seem almost human in the perfection of their operation; whether we sit beneath the resounding nave of the vast Music Hall and listen to the divine strains of melody that greet our enraptured ears, as it comes from an instru- ment that is the cumulative labor of a thousand years of man's inventive genius; whether we gaze with eyes wide open with admira ion at the rich and wonderful exhibits gathered from the teeming fields and deep mines of the proud States of our Union, there is not among them all anything which adds more to the beauty and comprehensiveness of the whole, anything which more strikingly illustrates the progress of develop ent, than may be seen in the little alcove which adorns the gallery oi the Government build- ing, and fairest and most typical of them all is the one above which is sus- pended the word "Iowa." It is a revelation of exquisite beauty. The humble effort of unskilled fingers is there, and step by step we pass to the delicate spray of peach blossoms and ferns, so deftly lined upon a velvet banner that the humming-bird circles with giddy flight until it falls fam- 14
WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
ished before the painted illusion, unable to sip the honey from flowers its keen vision mistook for the reality.
To you, my friends of Louisiana, and our other sister States, we say wel- come to Iowa. Come and see us at our prairie homes. Come and see what glorious possibilities for perfect living may be found with us. To-day and to-morrow we join with you in the work of strengthening the bands of good fellowship, good will, peace and prosperity to each and all; join with you in the attainment of that condition of higher civilization where the thought of one State shall be " How can I best enhance the welfare of the other States, for thereby shall I enhance my own?"
It Las been but twenty years since this country was wrecked witli fratri- cidal strife. Throughout our land are lofty mounments erected to the mem- ory of those heroes that fell on either side. Far be it from me to belittle their deeds of valor, but 1 say that a noble monument should be erected to the man who grasped the idea of this great exposition and carried it to a successful culmination. Had this exposition, or one like it, been held in the vicinity of Mason and Dixon's line in 1861 there would have been no bat- tle of Bull Run, or Shiloh, or Manassas. Had the inhabitants of the differ- ent sections of the country been able to see the vast wealth of the various States ; had the man from Maine been able to meet the man from Louis- iana, all these long years of blood and carnage would have been averted. Peace has her victories as well as war, and can there be a greater victory than the triumph over the horrors of fratricidal strife? And this victory has been gained by that man who has made this great exposition a place whei ein the people from all parts of our country may meet and cement more firmly those bonds which bind the country so firmly together. All honor to that man.
The following poem was prepared especially for the occasion by 3ir. H. S. Kneedler, of Cedar Rapids :
IOWA TO THE SOUTH. I.
Oh fair young South, to thee a greeting, Behold thy new-born hopes half meeting, We pledge the measure of our pride, The granary of a nation wide, The wealth of field, of mine, of tide, The strength and purpose that abide Within the boundaries of our State, To make thy centenary great ! A northern sister reaches willing hands To clasp her brethren of the cotton lands !
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II.
The muddy tide that rushes by our doors Its living waters on your rice fields pours !
The breeze that sways the phantom moss
Or blows the purple cane across,
That toys with cotton's silky floss,
Or mid your orange groves is lost, Breathes unto us through oak and vine The perfume of thy sunnier clime.
III.
The dimpled waters of thy southern sea, Fringed with its purple isles a-lee,
The wilderness of cypress brakes,
The God-touched beauty of thy lakes,
The drowsy bayou that awakes
To kiss the thirsty fields, and slakes
Its own deep thirst from snow-fed rills
That trickles from the far north hills ;
The crane that flaps his idle wings,
The mocking bird that rapturous sings, These are the things that bid us come, Nor would we ask that they be dumb.
IV.
Lo ! how the cotton ball with snowy fleece
The ensign is of commerce-frighted peace. Ten thousand looms its triumph tells, The flying shuttles are the bells From out whose merry music wells An undertone of glad farewells To empty conquests won by clashing swords And welcome to the vict'ries peace affords.
Ours be the grateful task to give the praise,
And celebrate a nation's natal day.
CEDAR RAPIDS, I A., Sept. 16, 1884.
DIRECTOR GENERAL BURKE.
Commissioner Fairall then introduced Major E. A. Burke, Director General of the Exposition, who said:
I am here to-day not only to discharge a duty, but to share in the enjoy- ments that had been planned by our friends from Iowa. I did not expect this attack in my rear, and I would not undertake, with my present feelings,
108 WORLD'S EXPOSITION.
to attempt at expression or an acknowledgment of the effect it has had upon me.
I know that I have had the good will and the support of my brother Com- missioners, because for the eighteen months I have been engaged in this work, not a day passed over my head, not a step has been taken, not an ad- dition has been made to the work in hand that has not carried with it an indication of the cordial, earnest, sincere support of the Commissioners of the States and Territories, without whose assistance and co-operation the greater part of this work would have been in vain. I have no complaint to make against the public, who have held up our hands in such a manner as men were never supported before. I have no complaint to make, in fact, against any person, or against any body of people. Whatever of diversity has come into this work has come from causes that were beyond our con- trol. There is no one to blame. We have had the earnest, hearty sympathy and the entire good will of the whole country from the commencement of this great work.
It is idle to say that any man, or any set of men, could have brought to a successful consummation the labors of which the results are here presented, unaided by the vast forces that have been brought into operation in carry- ing out our plans. And where were those forces? Starting in the South, where the movement received its inspiration, they spread throughout the whole land, from Maine to Washington, from Iowa to Louisiana. We re- ceived naught but s-ympathy and good wishes from every section of the country.
Of all the works that have been undertaken by man, this common effort of the united American people is the most stupendous. Not confined to any one man, or to any single set of men, smiled upon by the National gov- ernment, and by the governments of foreign countries, aided and supported by the people, touching every interest in this broad land, is it a wonder that success has crowned our effort?
I feel deeply tjie compliment conveyed me by the gentlemen on my right (the Commissioners), and I wish to say that as far as I am concerned in this Exposition, whatever may be the temporary course that circumstances compel me to follow in the discharge of my duty here, my heart is in this great work, and my hands will be in it, so far as I can, in any way that will serve to stretch it out to its proper consummation.
In retiring from active participation in the work I do so with but one sin- gle regret, and it is that circumstances beyond my control and imperative upon me, and nothing else, compel me to leave the State Commissioners and my associates in the Board of Management before our work has been entirely finished. But my heart is still in it, and as I said before my hands will be in it wherever, with proper discharge of my duty, I can lend any aid to advance its interests.
But I came here to-day for another purpose than what I have been speak- ing of. Here, under the live oaks of Louisiana, hung with our mosses of gray, pendant toward the earth, falling as tear-drops, tears typical of those that have been shed over the divisions that have existed among the people
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of this broad land; tears, mayhap, typical of the sorrows that have been suffered by my own fair State. But whatever our oaks and our moss may typify in that respect is now of the past, and they serve to lend a beauty and an enchantment to the celebration here to-day of the people of Iowa, who have come to us with such profusion of their products. On behalf of the men and women of Louisiana I extend to you a hearty, cordial welcome to our soil, to our city, and to our Exposition.
They tell me that statistics are dry, and that people do not care to listen